Drug Information Analysis Service

Majerus PW Broze GJ Jr Miletich JP Tollefsen DM . Anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and antiplatelet drugs. In: Gilman AG Rall TW Nies AS Taylor P , eds. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 8th ed. New York: Pergamon; 1990: 1311–31.

Product information. Streptase (streptokinase). Westborough, MA: Astra Pharmaceutical Products, March 1991.

Fletcher AP Alkjaersig N Sherry S . The clearance of heterologous protein from the circulation of normal and immunized man. J Clin Invest 1958; 37: 1306–15.

Lynch M Littler WA Pentecost BL Stockley RA . Immunoglobulin response to intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1991; 66: 139–42.

Fletcher AP Alkjaersig N Sherry S . The maintenance of a sustained thrombolytic state in man. I. Induction and effects. J Clin Invest 1959; 38: 1096–110.

Hirsh J O'Sullivan EF Martin M . Evaluation of a standard dosage schedule with streptokinase. Blood 1970; 35: 341–9.

Lew AS Neer T Rodriguez L Geft IL Shah PK Ganz W . Clinical failure of streptokinase due to an unsuspected high titer of antistreptokinase antibody. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984; 4: 183–5.

Fears R Ferres H Glasgow E Standring R Hogg KJ Gemmill JD Monitoring of streptokinase resistance titre in acute myocardial infarction patients up to 30 months after giving streptokinase or anistreplase and related studies to measure specific antistreptokinase IgG. Br Heart J 1992; 68: 167–70.

Jalihal S Morris GK . Antistreptokinase titres after intravenous streptokinase. Lancet 1990; 335: 184–5.

The International Study Group. In-hospital mortality and clinical course of 20 891 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction randomised between alteplase and streptokinase with or without heparin. Lancet 1990; 336: 71–5.

ISIS-3 (Third International Study of Infarct Survival Group) Collaborative Group. ISIS-3: A randomised comparison of streptokinase vs tissue plasminogen activator vs anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone among 41 299 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1992; 339: 753–70.

Gruppo Italiano Per Lo Studio Della Streptochinasi Nell'infarto Miocardico (GISSI). Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986; 1: 397–401.

ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival Group) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988; 2: 349–60.

Rivers JT White HD Cross DB Williams BF Norris RM . Reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction followed by conservative management: Incidence and effect of smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 340–8.

Moran DM Standring R Lavender EA Harris GS . Assessment of anti-streptokinase antibody levels in human sera using a microradioimmunoassay procedure. Thromb Haemost 1985; 52: 281–7.

Deutsch E Fisher M Marschner J Koch M . Die Wirkung intravenos applizierter Streptokinase auf Fibrinolyse und Blutgerinnung. Thrombo Diathes Haemorrh 1960; 4: 482–506.

Moran DM Dupe BE Gauntless S . A microimmunoassay method for measuring IgG antibodies using staphylococcal Protein-A. J Immunol Methods 1978; 24: 183–91.

Massel D Turpie AGG Gill JB Cairns JA Russett J . Development of neutralizing antibodies after 1.5 million units of streptokinase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (abstract). Circulation 1989; 80 (suppl 2):S-350.

Massel D Turpie AG Cairns JA Gill JB O'Dell C Russett J . Persistence of neutralizing antibodies at one year following IV streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction (abstract). Circulation 1990; 82 (suppl 3):S-254.

Liljefors I Carlsson B . Antibodies after treatment with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (abstract). Circulation 1991; 84 (suppl 2):S-368.

Elliott JM Cross DB Cederholm-Williams SA White HD . Neutralizing antibodies to streptokinase four years after intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 640–5.

White HD Cross DB Williams BF Norris RM . Safety and efficacy of repeat thrombolytic treatment after acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1990; 64: 177–81.

Fears R Hearn J Standring R Anderson JL Marder VJ . Lack of influence of pretreatment antistreptokinase antibody on efficacy in a multicenter patency comparison of intravenous streptokinase and anistreplase in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1992; 124: 305–14.

Verstraete M Vermylen J Amery A Vermylen C . Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase using a standard dosage scheme. Br Med J 1966; 1: 454–6.

Weatherbee TC Esterbrooks DJ Katz DA Aronow WS Kenik JG Mohiuddin SM . Serum sickness following selective intracoronary streptokinase. Curr Ther Res 1984; 35: 433–8.

Leaf DA MacDonald I Kliks B Wilson R Jones SR . Streptokinase and the Guillain-Barré syndrome (letter). Ann Intern Med 1984; 100: 617.

Chan NS White H Maslowski A Cleland J . Plasmacytosis and renal failure after readministration of streptokinase for threatened myocardial reinfarction. Br Med J 1988; 297: 717–8.

Grace ND . A hepatologist's view of variceal bleeding. Am J Surg 1990; 160: 26–31.

Paquet KJ Mercado MA Aichner W Cuan-Orozco F Gad HA Muting D . Conservative and semi-invasive modalities for treating bleeding esophageal varices. Hepatogastroenterology 1990; 37: 561–4.

Siepler J . Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In: DiPiro JT Talbert RL Hayes PE Yee GC Michael L , eds. Pharmacotherapy—a pathophysiologic approach. New York: Elsevier; 1989: 437–43.

Rikkers LF . Variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1988; 17: 289–302.

Rodriguez-Perez F Groszmann RJ . Pharmacologic treatment of portal hypertension. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992; 21: 15–40.

Merrigan TC Jr Plotkin GR Davidson CS . Effect of intravenously administered posterior pituitary extract on hemorrhage from bleeding esophageal varices. N Engl J Med 1962; 266: 134–5.

Kehne JH Hughes FA Gompertz ML . The use of surgical pituitrin in the control of esophageal varix bleeding. Surgery 1956; 39: 917–25.

Matloff DS . Treatment of acute variceal bleeding. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992; 21: 103–18.

Ready JB Robertson AD Rector WG Jr . Effects of vasopressin on portal pressure during hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1991; 100 (5 Pt 1):1411–6.

Grace ND . Variceal hemorrhage: Pharmacological approach. In: McDermott WY Bothe A , eds. Surgery of the liver. Boston: Blackwell; 1989: 303–14.

Sirinek KR Thomford NR Page WG . Adverse cardiodynamic effects of vasopressin not avoided by selective intraarterial administration. Surgery 1977; 81: 723–8.

Mills MD Burchell HB Parker RL Kirklin BR . Myocardial infarction and sudden death following the administration of pitressin; additional electrocardiographic study of 100 patients given pitressin for cholecystography. Proc Staff Meeting Mayo Clinic 1949; 24: 254–8.

Kelly K Stang JM Mekhjian S . Vasopressin provocation of ventricular dysrhythmia. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92 (2 Pt 1):205–6.

Garcia-Tsao G Groszmann RJ . Portal hemodynamics during nitroglycerin administration in cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1987; 7: 805–9.

Groszmann R Kravetz D Bosch J Glickman M Bruix J Bredfeldt J Nitroglycerin improves the hemodynamic response to vasopressin in portal hypertension. Hepatology 1982; 2: 757–62.

Gimson AES Westaby D Hegarty J Watson A Williams R . A randomized trial of vasopressin and vasopressin plus nitroglycerin in the control of acute variceal hemorrhage. Hepatology 1986; 6: 410–3.

Tsai YT Lay CS Lai KH Ng WW Yeh YS Wang JY Controlled trial of vasopressin plus nitroglycerin vs. vasopressin alone in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Hepatology 1986; 6: 406–9.

Bosch J Groszmann RJ Garcia-Pagan JC Teres J Garcia-Tsao G Navasa M Association of transdermal nitroglycerin to vasopressin infusion in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage: A placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 1989; 10: 962–8.

Rector WG Jr Hossack KF . Vasopressin and vasopressin plus nitroglycerin for portal hypertension. Effects on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics and coronary blood flow. J Hepatol 1989; 8: 308–15.

Ross AH . Modification of chickenpox in family contacts by administration of gamma globulin. N Engl J Med 1962; 267: 369–76.

Straus SE , Moderator. Varicella virus infections: Biology, natural history, treatment and prevention. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 221–35.

Whitley RJ . Therapeutic approaches to varicella-zoster virus infections. J Infect Dis 1992; 166 (suppl 1):S51–7.

Weller TH . Varicella and herpes zoster: A perspective and overview. J Infect Dis 1992; 166 (suppl 1):S1–6.

Feder HM . Treatment of adult chickenpox with oral acyclovir. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 2061–5.

Wallace MR Bowler WA Murray NB Brodine SK Oldfield EC . Treatment of adult varicella with oral acyclovir. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 358–63.

Balfour HM Kelly JM Suarez CS Heussner RC Englund JA Crane DD Acyclovir treatment of varicella in otherwise healthy children. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 633–9.

Dunkle LM Arvin AM Whitley RJ Rotbart HA Feder HM Feldman S A controlled trial of acyclovir for chickenpox in normal children. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1539–44.

Guess HA Broughton DD Melton LF Kurland LT . Population-based studies of varicella complications. Pediatrics 1986; 78 (suppl):723–7.

Sifton DW , ed. 1994 Drug topics red book. Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics.

West LD Maxwell DS Noble EP Solomon DH . Alcoholism. Ann Intern Med 1984; 100: 405–16.

American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Revised Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987: 173–5.

Volpicelli JR Alterman AJ Hayashida M O'Brien CP . Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 876–80.

Naranjo CA Sellers EM Laurin MO . Modulation of ethanol intake by serotonin uptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry 1986; 47 (suppl 4):16–22.

Meyer RE . Prospects for a rational pharmacotherapy for alcoholism. J Clin Psychiatry 1989; 50: 403–12.

Hubbell CL Abelson ML Burkhardt CA Herlands SE Reid LD . Constant infusions of morphine and intakes of sweetened ethanol solutions among rats. Alcohol 1988; 5: 409–15.

Rosenbloom A . Emerging treatment options in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 49 (12, suppl):28–31.

Samson HH Doyle TF . Oral ethanol self-administration in the rat: Effect of naltrexone. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1985; 22: 91–9.

Altshuler HL Phillips PE Feinhandler DA . Alteration of ethanol self-administration by naltrexone. Life Sci 1980; 26: 679–88.

O'Malley SS Jaffe AJ Chang G Schottenfield RS Meyer RE Rounsaville B . Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 881–7.