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Smith MJ . The place of high dose inhaled corticosteroids in asthma therapy. Drugs 1987; 33: 423–9.

Brown PH Blundell G Greening AP Crompton GK . Screening for hypothalamo-pituitary axis suppression in asthmatics taking high dose inhaled corticosteroids. Respir Med 1991; 85: 511–6.

Ali NJ Capwell S Ward MJ . Bone turnover during high dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Thorax 1991; 46: 160–4.

Jennings JH Anderson K Johansson S . Assessment of systemic effects of inhaled glucocorticosteroids: comparison of the effects of inhaled budesonide and oral prednisolone on adrenal function and markers of bone turnover. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 40: 77–82.

Hodsman AB Toogood JH Jennings B Fraher LJ Baskerville JC . Differential effects of inhaled budesonide and oral prednisolone on serum osteocalcin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72: 530–40.

Toogood JH Jennings B Hodsman AB Baskerville J Fraher LJ . Effects of dose and dosing schedule of inhaled budesonide on bone turnover. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 88: 572–80.

Pouw EM Prummel MF Oosting H Roos CM Endert E . Beclomethasone inhalation decreases serum osteocalcin concentrations. BMJ 1991; 302: 627–8.

Teelucksingh S Padfield PL Tibi L Gough KJ Holt PR . Inhaled corticosteroids, bone formation, and osteocalcin. Lancet 1991; 338: 60–1.

Reid DM Nicoll JJ Smith MA Higgins B Tothill P Nuki G . Corticosteroids and bone mass in asthma: comparisons with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Br Med J 1986; 293: 1463–6.

Wolff AH Adelsberg B Aloia J Mynan Z . Effects of inhaled corticosteroid on bone density in asthmatic patients: a pilot study. Ann Allergy 1991; 67: 117–21.

Evans JG . The significance of osteoporosis. In: Smith R , ed. Osteoporosis 1990. London: Royal College of Physicians of London, 1990: 1.

Baylink DJ . Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 306–8.

Delmas P . Biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. In: Riggs BL Melton LJ , eds. Osteoporosis. New York: Raven Press, 1988: 297–316.

Szefler S . Glucocorticoid therapy for asthma—clinical pharmacology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 88: 147–65.

McIlwain HH Bruce DF Silverfield JC Burnette MC . Osteoporosis. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1988.

Iafrate P Blake KV . Asthma. In: Herfindal E Gourley D Hart LL , eds. Clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1992: 547–69.

Kaplan MM . Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 521–8.

Boyer TD . Cirrhosis of the liver. In: Wynngarden JB Smith LH . Cecil textbook of medicine. 18th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1988: 842–7.

Guslandi M . Treatment of chronic liver disease with ursodeoxycholic acid. J Int Med Res 1990; 18: 497–505.

Poupon R Chretien Y Poupon RE Ballet F Calmus Y Darnis F . Is ursodeoxycholic acid an effective treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis? Lancet 1987; 1: 834–6.

Poupon RE Eschwege E Poupon R , UDCA-PBC Study Group. Ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: interim analysis of a double-blind multicentre randomized trial. J Hepatol 1990; 11: 16–21.

Poupon RE Balkau B Eschwege E Poupon R , UDCA-PBC Study Group. A multicenter, controlled trial of ursodiol for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1548–54.

Batta AK Salen G Arora R Shefer S Tint GS Abroon J Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid metabolism in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1989; 10: 414–9.

Bateson MC Ross PE Diffey BL . Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1989; 1: 898–9.

Leuschner U Fischer H Kurtz W Guldutura S Hubner K Hellstern A Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a controlled double-blind trial. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 1268–71.

Matsuzaki Y Tanaka N Osuga T Aikawa T Shoda J Doi M Improvement of biliary enzyme levels and itching as a result of long-term administration of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85: 15–33.

Osuga T Tanaka N Matsuzaki Y Aikawa T . Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34 (suppl): 49S–51S.

Kao JH Lai MY Yang PM Lin JT Sheu JC Chen DS Therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on early-stage primary biliary cirrhosis. J Formosan Med Assoc 1991; 90: 970–4.

Stiehl A Rudolph G Raedsch R Moller B Hopf U Lotterer E Ursodeoxycholic acid-induced changes of plasma and urinary bile acids in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1990; 12: 492–7.

Oka H Toda G Ikeda Y Hashimoto N Hasumura Y Kamimura T A multi-center double-blind controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Jpn 1990; 25: 774–80.

Terasaki S Nakanuma Y Ogino H Unoura M Kobayashi K . Hepatocellular and biliary expression of HLA antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis before and after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 1194–9.

Calmus Y Gane P Rouger P Poupon R . Hepatic expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules in primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 1990; 11: 12–5.

Eliezri YD . The toluidine blue test: an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of early squamous cell carcinomas of mucous membranes. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 18: 1339–49.

Mashberg A . Final evaluation of tolonium chloride rinse for screening of high-risk patients with asymptomatic squamous carcinoma. J Am Dental Assoc 1983; 106: 319–23.

Chobanian SJ Cattau IL Winters C Johnson DA Van Ness MM Miremadi A In vivo staining with toluidine blue as an adjunct to the endoscopic detection of Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endosc 1987; 33: 99–100.

Strong S Vaughan C Incze J . Toluidine blue in the management of carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol 1968; 87: 527–31.

McCauley J Guzinski G Welch R Gorman R Osmers F . Toluidine blue in the corroboration of rape in the adult victim. Am J Emerg Med 1987; 5: 105–8.

Dunipace AJ Beaven R Noblitt T Li Y Zunt S Stookey G . Mutagenic potential of toluidine blue evaluated in the Ames test. Mutation Res 1992; 279: 255–9.

Redman RS Krasnow SH Sniffen RA . Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of toluidine blue O in the hamster cheek pouch. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 10: 473–80.

Dahl SL . Rheumatic disorders. In: Young LY Koda-Kimble MA , eds. Applied therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs. 5th ed. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics, 1992: 75-1–75-21.

Weinblatt M Maier A . Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1989; 2 (suppl): S23–32.

Buchanan HM Preston SJ Brooks PM Buchanan WW . Is diet important in rheumatoid arthritis? Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 125–34.

Kremer JM . Clinical studies of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis. Nutr Rheum Dis 1991; 17: 391–402.

Barber AJ . Evening primrose oil: a panacea? Pharmaceut J 1988; 240: 723–5.

Kunkel SL Ogawa H Ward PA Zurier RB . Suppression of chronic inflammation by evening primrose oil. Prog Lipid Res 1981; 20: 885–8.

Hansen TM Lerche A Kassis V Lorenzen I Søndergaard J . Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with prostaglandin E₁ precursors cis-linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid. Scand J Rheumatol 1983; 12: 85–8.

Jäntti J Seppälä E Vapaatalo H Isomäki H . Evening primrose oil and olive oil in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1989; 8: 238–44.

Brzeski M Madhok R Capell HA . Evening primrose oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 370–2.

Belch JJF Ansell D Madhok R O'Dowd A Sturrock RD . Effects of altering dietary essential fatty acids on requirements for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47: 96–104.

Horrobin DF Ells KM Morse-Fischer N Manku MS . The effects of evening primrose oil, safflower oil and paraffin on plasma fatty acid levels in humans: choice of an appropriate placebo for clinical studies on primrose oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1991; 42: 245–9.

Hawley DJ Wolfe F . Are the results of controlled clinical trials and observational studies of second line therapy in rheumatoid arthritis valid and generalizable as measures of rheumatoid arthritis outcome: analysis of 122 studies. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1008–14.

Tulleken JE Limburg PC Muskiet FAJ van Rijswijk MH . Vitamin E status during dietary fish oil supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 3: 1416–9.