Theophylline Disposition following Parenteral Feeding of Malnourished Patients

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the effect of parenteral nutrition on theophylline disposition in malnourished patients.

DESIGN:

Before-after trial.

SETTING:

Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS:

Ten patients with historic, anthropometric, and laboratory evidence of malnutrition.

INTERVENTIONS:

Patients received two 5-mg/kg intravenous infusions of theophylline separated by at least 48 hours of glucose-based parenteral nutrition providing the entire estimated nutritional requirements.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Following each theophylline administration, serum theophylline samples were collected over a 24-hour period for delineation of maximum plasma concentrations, volume of distribution, elimination rate constant, clearance, and area under the curve.

RESULTS:

Peak plasma theophylline concentrations were significantly lower prior to feeding (5.3 μmol/L, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 0.78–10.0 μmol/L, p=0.028). Volume of distribution decreased after parenteral feeding (0.08 L/kg, 95 percent CI 0.006–0.15 L/kg, p=0.037). The elimination rate of theophylline increased after parenteral feeding reflected by an increase in the elimination rate constant (0.06 h¹, 95 percent CI 0.01–0.10 h⁻¹, p=0.023).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that parenteral nutrition using a glucose-based solution acutely influences theophylline disposition in malnourished patients.