Immunization has reduced the morbidity and mortality of many diseases. Immunizing agents have been available for many years, with many newer vaccines under investigation. The mechanisms of action of immunizing agents have only been clarified within the last several decades. Immunity may be attained by active immunization using a toxoid, or living or killed organisms. Passive immunity is achieved with serum immune globulins and antitoxins. Mechanisms of human immunity, routine immunization schedules and the pharmacology of immunizing agents are discussed.
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