Drug Effects in Geriatric Patients

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Caranasos

G. J.

: Drug-Induced Illness Leading to Hospitalization, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 228: 713–717, 1974.

Hurwitz

: Predisposing Factors in Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Br. Med. J. 1: 536–539, 1969.

Miller

R. R.

: Drug Surveillance Utilizing Epidemiologic Methods: A Report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 30: 584–592, 1973.

Bender

A. D.

: Pharmacodynamic Principles of Drug Therapy in the Aged, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 22: 296–303, 1974.

Bender

A. D.

: Pharmacologic Aspects of Aging: A Survey of the Effect of Increasing Age on Drug Activity in Adults, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 12: 114–134, 1964.

Ritschel

W. A.

: Pharmacokinetic Approach to Drug Dosing in the Aged, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 24: 344–354, 1976.

Crooks

: Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly, Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1: 280–296, 1976.

Holloway

D. A.

: Drug Problems in the Geriatric Patient, Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm. 8: 632–642, 1974.

Lamy

P. P.

Kitler

M. E.

: The Geriatric Patient: Age-Dependent Physiologic Changes, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 19: 23–33, 1971.

10.

Lamy

P. P.

Kitler

M. E.

: The Geriatric Patient: Age-Dependent Physiologic and Pathologic Changes, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 19: 871–879, 1971.

11.

Hall

M. R. P.

: Drug Therapy in the Elderly, Br. Med. J. 4: 582–584, 1973.

12.

Kennedy

R. D.

: Drug Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease in the Aged, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 23: 113–120, 1975.

13.

Raskind

Eisdorfer

: “Psychopharmacology of the Aged”, in Simpson

L. L.

(Ed.): Drug Treatment of Mental Disorders, Raven Press, New York, pp. 237–266, 1976.

14.

Hall

M. R. P.

: Use of Drugs in Elderly Patients, New York State J. Med. 75: 67–71, 1975.

15.

Briant

R. H.

: The Rate of Acetaminophen Metabolism in the Elderly and the Young, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 24: 359–361, 1976.

16.

Triggs

E. J.

: Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 8: 55–62, 1975.

17.

Jick

H. D.

: Efficacy and Toxicity of Heparin in Relation to Age and Sex, N. Engl. J. Med. 279: 284–286, 1968.

18.

Vieweg

W. V. R.

: Complication of Intravenous Administration of Heparin in Elderly Women, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 213: 1303–1306, 1970.

19.

Hayes

M. J.

: Changes in Drug Metabolism with Increasing Age: I. Warfarin Binding and Plasma Proteins, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2: 69–72, 1975.

20.

Hewick

D. S.

: The Effect of Age on the Sensitivity to Warfarin Sodium, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2: 189P–190P, 1975.

21.

O'Malley

: Factors Influencing Anticoagulant Control: An Epidemiological Study, in Drug Interactions, Morselli Garattini Cohen (Eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 309–317, 1974.

22.

Kirby

J. D.

Marriott

P. J.

: Skin Necrosis Following Warfarin Therapy, Br. J. Dermatol. 94: 97–99, 1976.

23.

Koch-Weser

: Coumarin Necrosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 1365, 1968.

24.

Nudelman

H. L.

Kempson

R. L.

: Necrosis of the Breast: A Rare Complication of Anticoagulant Therapy, Am. J. Surg. 111: 728–733, 1966.

25.

The Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program: Diphenylhydantoin Side Effects and Serum Albumin Levels, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 24: 529–532, 1973.

26.

Reidenberg

M. M.

: Protein Binding of Diphenylhydantoin and Desmethylimipramine in Plasma from Patients with Poor Renal Function, N. Engl. J. Med. 285: 264–267, 1971.

27.

Hooper

W. D.

: Plasma Binding of Diphenylhydantoin: Effects of Sex Hormones, Renal and Hepatic Disease, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 15: 276–282, 1974.

28.

Bender

A. D.

: Plasma Protein Binding of Drugs as a Function of Age in Adult Human Subjects, J. Pharm. Sci. 64: 1711–1713, 1975.

29.

Houghton

G. W.

: Effect of Age, Height, Weight and Sex on Serum Phenytoin Concentration in Epileptic Patients, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2: 251–256, 1975.

30.

Hayes

M. J.

: Changes in Drug Metabolism with Increasing Age: 2. Phenytoin Clearance and Protein Binding, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2: 73–79, 1975.

31.

Davies

R. K.

: Confusional Episodes and Anti-depressant Medication, Am. J. Psychiatry 128: 127–131, 1971.

32.

Fry

: Natural History of Hypertension: A Case for Selective Non-Treatment, Lancet II: 431–433, 1974.

33.

Jackson

: Inappropriate Antihypertensive Therapy in the Elderly, Lancet II: 1317–1318, 1976.

34.

Schwid

S.A.

: The Use and Abuse of Antihypertensive Drugs in the Aged, Geriatrics 22: 172–182, 1967.

35.

Gurwith

H. R.

: Diarrhea Association with Clindamycin and Ampicillin Therapy: Preliminary Results of a Cooperative Study, J. Infect. Dis. 135 (suppl.):S104–S109, 1977.

36.

Hoberman

L. J.

: Colitis Associated with Oral Clindamycin Therapy: A Clinical Study of 16 Patients, Dig. Dis. 21: 1–17, 1976.

37.

Neu

H. C.

: Incidence of Diarrhea and Colitis Associated with Clindamycin Therapy, J. Infect. Dis. 135 (suppl.):S120–S125, 1977.

38.

Swartzberg

J. E.

: Clinical Study of Gastrointestinal Complications Associated with Clindamycin Therapy, J. Infect. Dis. 135 (suppl.):S99–S103, 1977.

39.

Wells

R. F.

: Clindamycin-Associated Colitis, Ann. Intern. Med. 81: 547–548, 1977.

40.

Jelliffe

R. W.

: Creatinine Clearance: Bedside Estimate, Ann. Intern. Med. 79: 604, 1973.

41.

Gary

N. E.

: Gentamicin-Associated Acute Renal Failure, Arch. Intern. Med. 136: 1101–1104, 1975.

42.

Chan

R. A.

: Gentamicin Therapy in Renal Failure: A Nomogram for Dosage, Ann. Intern. Med. 76: 773–778, 1972.

43.

Hull

J. H.

Sarubbi

F. A.

: Gentamicin Serum Concentrations: Pharmacokinetic Predictions, Ann. Intern. Med. 85: 183–189, 1976.

44.

Schumacher

G. E.

: Practical Pharmacokinetic Techniques for Drug Consultation and Evaluation. IV: Gentamicin Blood Level Versus Time Profiles of Various Dosage Regimens Recommended for Renal Impairment, Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 32: 299–308, 1975.

45.

Schumacher

G. E.

: Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Gentamicin Dosage Regimens Recommended for Renal Impairment, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 15: 656–664, 1975.

46.

Kristensen

: Drug Elimination and Renal Function, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 15: 307–308, 1974.

47.

Cutler

R. E.

Orme

B. M.

: Correlation of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Kanamycin Half-Life, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 209: 539–542, 1969.

48.

Mawer

G. E.

: Nomogram for Kanamycin Dosage, Lancet 2: 45, 1972.

49.

Leikola

Vartia

K. O.

: On Penicillin Levels in Young and Geriatric Subjects, J. Gerontology 15: 48–52, 1957.

50.

Hansen

J. M.

: Renal Excretion of Drugs in the Elderly, Lancet 1: 1170, 1970.

51.

Vartia

K. O.

Leikola

: Serum Levels of Antibiotics in Young and Old Subjects Following Administration of Dihydrostreptomycin and Tetracycline, J. Gerontology 18: 392–394, 1960.

52.

Burkle

W. S.

: Tobramycin and Gentamicin: A Comparison, Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm. 10: 43–47, 1976.

53.

Bechtol

L. D.

Black

H. R.

: Tobramycin in Renal Impairment, Am. J. Med. Sci. 269: 317–321, 1975.

54.

Chabner

B. A.

: The Clinical Pharmacology of Antineoplastic Agents, Part 2, N. Engl. J. Med. 292: 1159–1163, 1975.

55.

Dall

J. L. C.

: Digitalis Intoxication in Elderly Patients, Lancet 1: 194–195, 1965.

56.

Ewy

G. A.

: Digoxin Metabolism in the Elderly, Circulation 39: 449–453, 1969.

57.

Ewy

G. A.

: Digoxin Metabolism in Obesity, Circulation 44: 810–814, 1971.

58.

Herrmann

G. R.

: Digitoxicity in the Aged: Recognition, Frequency, and Management, Geriatrics 21: 109–122, 1966.

59.

Jelliffe

R. W.

: Factors to Consider in Planning Digoxin Therapy, J. Chron. Dis. 24: 407–416, 1971.

60.

Castleden

C. M.

: The Effect of Age on Plasma Levels of Propranolol and Practolol in Man, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2: 303–306, 1975.

61.

Evans

G. H.

: The Disposition of Propranolol. III. Decreased Half-Life and Volume of Distribution as a Result of Plasma Binding In Man, Monkey, Dog, and Rat, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 186: 114–122, 1973.

62.

Greenblatt

D. J.

Koch-Weser

: Adverse Reactions to Propranolol in Hospitalized Medical Patients: A Report from the Boston Collaborative Surveillance Program, Am. Heart J. 86: 478–484, 1973.

63.

Grad

: Effects of Levodopa Therapy in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Statistical Evidence for Reduced Tolerance in the Elderly, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 22: 489–494, 1974.

64.

Riklan

: An L-Dopa Paradox: Bipolar Alterations, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 20: 572–575, 1972.

65.

Wener

: Cardiovascular Effects of Levodopa in Aged versus Younger Patients with Parkinson's Disease, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 24: 185–188, 1976.

66.

Chan

: The Effect of Aging on Plasma Pethidine Concentration, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2: 297–302, 1975.

67.

Mather

L. E.

: Meperidine Kinetics in Man: Intravenous Injection in Surgical Patients and Volunteers, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 17: 21–30, 1975.

68.

Bellville

J. W.

: Influence of Age on Pain Relief from Analgesics: A Study of Postoperative Patients, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 217: 1835–1841, 1971.

69.

Berkowitz

B. A.

: The Disposition of Morphine in Surgical Patients, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 17: 629–635, 1975.

70.

Irvine

R. E.

: The Effect of Age on the Hydroxylation of Amylobarbitone Sodium in Man, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1: 41–43, 1974.

71.

Pattison

J. H.

Allen

R. P.

: Comparison of the Hypnotic Effectiveness of Secobarbital, Pentobarbital, Methyprylon and Ethchlorvynol, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 20: 398–402, 1972.

72.

Stotsky

B. A.

: Sodium Butabarbital (Butisol Sodium) as an Hypnotic Agent for Aged Psychiatric Patients with Sleep Disorders, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 19: 860–870, 1971.

73.

Jones

T. H.

: Chlordiazepoxide (Librium®) and the Geriatric Patient, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 175: 259–263, 1971.

74.

The Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program: Clinical Depression of the Central Nervous System due to Diazepam and Chlordiazepoxide in Relation to Cigarette Smoking and Age, N. Engl. J. Med. 288: 277–280, 1973.

75.

de Lemos

G. P.

: Effects of Diazepam Suspension in Geriatric Patients Hospitalized for Psychiatric Illnesses, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 13: 355–359, 1965.

76.

Klotz

: The Effects of Age and Liver Disease on the Disposition and Elimination of Diazepam in Adult Man, J. Clin. Invest. 55: 347–359, 1975.

77.

Greenblatt

D. J.

: Toxicity of High-Dose Flurazepam in the Elderly. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 21: 355–361, 1977.

78.

Castleden

C. M.

: Increased Sensitivity to Nitrazepam in Old Age, Br. Med. J. 1: 10–12, 1977.

79.

Evans

J. G.

Jarvis

E. H.

: Nitrazepam and the Elderly, Br. Med. J. II: 487, 1972.

80.

Hewick

D. S.

Newbury

P. A.

: Age: Its Influence on Lithium Dosage and Plasma Levels, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 3: 354, 1976.

81.

Van Der Velder

C. D.

: Toxicity of Lithium Carbonate in Elderly Patients, Am. J. Psychiatry 127: 115–117, 1971.

82.

Ayd

F. J.

Jr. : A Survey of Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Reactions, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 175: 1054–1060, 1961.

83.

Paulson

G. W.

: “Permanent” or Complex Dyskinesias in the Aged, Geriatrics 23: 105–110, 1968.

84.

Thornton

C. C.

Wendkos

M. H.

: EKG T-Wave Distortions Among Thioridazine-Treated Psychiatric Patients, Dis. Nerv. Syst. 32: 320–323, 1971.