Prescribing Habits of Physicians

Audits & Surveys Company, Inc.: A Study of Physicians' Desk Reference, 27 pages. 1960.

Bauer A. : Risk Handling in Drug Adoption: The Role of Company Preference, Public Opinion Q. 25: 546–555, 1961.

Bauer A. , and Wortzel L. H. : Doctor's Choice: the Physician and His Sources of Information about Drugs, J. Marketing Res. 3: 40–47, 1966.

Belley B. : Toward a Measure of Pharmaceutical Advertising Effectiveness, J. Business 16: 107–114, 1943.

Ben-David J. : Roles and Innovations in Medicine, Amer. J. Soc. 65: 557–568, 1960.

Branch F. T. : A Comparison of Direct Mail and Magazine Cost in Pharmaceutical Advertising, J. Business 18: 78–95, 1945.

Braucher L. : Population and Prescribing Habits of Physicians, Paper presented before the Academy of General Practice, American Pharmaceutical Association, April 26, 1966, Dallas.

Burkholder D. F. : The Role of the Pharmaceutical Detailman in a Large Teaching Hospital, Amer. J. Hosp. Pharm. 20: 274–285, 1963.

Campbell W. H. , and Johnson R. E. : The Innovative Physician, Med. Marketing Media 4: 12–14, 1969.

Caplow T. : Marketing Attitudes: a Research Report from the Medical Field, Harvard Bus. Rev. 30: 105–112, 1952.

Caplow T. , and Raymond J. J. : Factors Influencing the Selection of Pharmaceutical Products, J. Marketing 19: 18–23, 1954.

Chayatte C. , and Morgan M. : Physician Attitudes Toward Detailmen, Professional Research Analysts, Chicago. 52 pages, 1961. Major findings of this study are reported in: Anon: Detailing is Here to Stay, Med. Marketing pages 8-12, 1961.

Clute K. F. : The General Practitioner: a Study of Medical Education and Practice in Ontario and Nova Seotia, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1963.

Coleman J. S. , Katz E. , and Menzel H. : The Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians, Sociometry 20: 253–270, 1957.

Coleman J. S. , Katz E. , and Menzel H. : Medical Innovation—a Diffusion Study, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1966.

Coleman J. S. , Menzel H. , and Katz E. : Social Processes in Physicians' Adoption of a New Drug, J. Chronic Dis. 9: 1–19, 1959.

Committee of Enquiry into the Relationship of the Pharmaceutical Industry with the National Health Service 1966-67: Report. (Lord Sainsbury, Chairman) Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, 1967.

Dichter E. : A Research Study on Pharmaceutical Advertising, 54 pages, Pharmaceutical Advertising Club, New York. 1955.

Dichter E. : How Word-of-Mouth Advertising Works, Harvard. Bus. Rev. 44: 147–152, 1966.

Done A. : Differences between Advertised and Medical Uses of Drugs, J. Advertising Res. 1: 18–21, 1960.

Dowling H. F. : Medicines for Man, Knopf, New York, 1970.

Dresden M. : Are Physicians Receptive to Pharmaceutical Promotion by Direct Mail? Fisher-Stevens, Inc., Clifton, New Jersey. 20 pages, 1960.

Eimerl T. S. : The Pattern of Prescribing, J. College Gen. Pract. 5: 468–479, 1962.

Ferber R. , and Wales H. G. : The Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Advertising: a Case Study, J. Marketing 22: 395–407, 1958.

Ferber R. , and Wales H. F. : The Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Promotion, 65 pages. University of Illinois, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, Bulletin series no. 83, Urbana, Illinois, 1958.

Fliegel F. C. , and Kivlin J. E. : Attributes of Innovations as Factors in Diffusion, Amer. J. Sociol. 72: 235–248, 1966.

Gaffin B. , and Associates: A Study of Medical Advertising and the American Physician. Part II: The Physicians' Viewpoint, Chicago, 136 pages, August 31, 1953. Statistics from the study are available as a separate publication: Summary tables: survey of practicing physicians in the United States. The study results appeared later as: Journal of the American Medical Association Marketing Data. Reports 1-20, beginning in 1954.

Gaffin B. , and Associates: The Fond du Lac Study, American Medical Association, Chicago. 53 pages, 1956. This also appeared as: American Medical Association: Effectiveness of Promotion in a Medical Marketing Area, Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, 1956.

Gaffin B. , and Associates: Attitudes of U.S. Physicians toward the American Pharmaceutical Industry, American Medical Association, Chicago. 50 pages plus appendices. 1958.

Garner D. D. : A Study of Drug Utilization Patterns through Prescription Analysis, (Ph.D. dissertation) University of Mississippi, University, 1971.

Gershenson M. : Pharmaceutical Detailman Survey, The Internist (Amer. Soc. Internal Med.) February, pages 4–5, 1971.

Hampton J. : An Analysis of the Relationship between Variations in Promotion and Sales of Ethical Pharmaceutical Products, Chapter I. Measurement of Advertising effectiveness: Modern Med. Topics 23, no. 4, not paginated. (April) 1962. 7 pages. Chapter II. Methods of Medical Promotion: Ibid. 23, no. 5: 1-7 (May) 1962. Chapter III. Summary of Previous Studies: Ibid. 23, no. 6: (not paginated) (June) 1962. 4 pages. Chapter IV. Analysis of Promotion and Sales Data: Ibid. 23, no. 7: (not paginated) (July) 1962. 10 pages. Chapter V. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations: Ibid. 23, no. 8: (not paginated) (August) 1962. 3 pages.

Harris J. J. : Survey of Medical Communication Sources Available for Continuing Physician Education, J. Med. Educ. 41: 737–755, 1966.

Hawkins N. G. : Detailman and Preference Behavior, Southwest Soc. Sci. 40: 213–234, 1959.

Henley, E. S.: The Dissemination of Drug Information: a Study of the Methods by which Drug Information is Communicated to Physicians, (M. A. thesis) University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1967. Subsequently appeared, in part, as: Henley S. , Tester W. W. , and Knapp R. : Dissemination of Drug Information, Hospitals 42: 99–103, 1968.

Hubbard W. : Percentage of Distribution of Promotional Results for Three Commercial Media, Mod. Med. Topics 16: 14–15, 1955.

Hubbard W. : Medical Service Center Markets in the United States, Mod. Medl. Topics 16: 1–6, 1955.

Jeuck J. E. : Direct-Mail Advertising to Doctors, J. Business 13: 17–38, 1940.

Joyce C. R. B. , Last J. M. , and Weatherall M. : Personal Factors as a Cause of Differences in Prescribing by General Practitioners, Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 22: 170–177, 1968.

Katz E. : The Social Itinerary of Technical Change: Two Studies on the Diffusion of Innovation, Human Organization 20: 70–82, 1961.

Katz E. : The Two-Step Flow of Communication: an Up-to-Date Report on an Hypothesis, Public Opinion Q. 21: 61–78, 1957.

Katz E. , Levin M. L. , and Hamilton H. : Traditions of Research on the Diffusion of Innovations, Amer. Sociol. Rev. 28: 237–252, 1963.

King D. C. : Marketing Prescription Drugs, Michigan Business Reports Number 56, Bureau of Business Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1968.

Klein W. S. : Certified Medical Representatives, J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. NS7: 532–534, 540, 541, 1967.

Knapp D. E. , and Oeltjen P. D. : The Benefits-to-Risks Ratio as a Factor in Drug Choice by Physicians, Ohio State University Research Foundation, Columbus, 1971.

Lazarsfeld P. F. , Berelson B. , and Gaudet H. : The People's Choice, 2nd ed. Columbia University Press, New York, 1948.

Lee J. A. H. , Weatherall M. , and Draper P. : Prescribing and Other Aspects of General Practice in Three Towns, Proc. R. Soc. Med. 57: 1041–1048, 1964.

Martin J. P. : Social Aspects of Prescribing, William Heinemann Ltd., Melbourne, 1957.

McLaughlin C. P. , and Penchansky R. : Diffusion of Innovation in Medicine: a Problem of Continuing Medical Education, J. Med. Educ. 40: 437–447, 1965.

Menzel H. : Public and Private Conformity under Different Conditions of Acceptance in the Group, J. Abnorm. Psychol. 55: 398–402, 1957.

Menzel H. : Innovation, Integration and Marginality: a Survey of Physicians, Amer. Soc. Rev. 25: 704–713, 1960.

Menzel H. , Coleman J. , and Katz E. : Dimensions of Being “Modern” in Medical Practice, J. Chronic Dis. 9: 20–40, 1959.

Menzel H. , and Katz E. : Social Relations and Innovation in the Medical Profession; the Epidemiology of a New Drug, Public Opinion Q. 19: 337–352, 1955-56.

Menzel H. , and Katz E. : Comments on Charles Winick, the Diffusion of an Innovation Among Physicians of a Large City, Sociometry 26: 125–127, 1963.

Ministry of Health, United Kingdom: Recent N.H.S. Prescribing Trends, Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects, No. 110. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, 1964.

Muller C. : Medical Review of Prescribing, J. Chronic Dis. 18: 689–696, 1965.

National Research Company: Physicians' Desk Reference, 14 pages. 1957.

Nithman C. J. , Parkhurst Y. E. , and Sommers E. B. : Physicians' Prescribing Habits: Effects of Medicare, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 217: 585–587, 1971.

Noyes D. : Your Share of Disposable Professional Time, Mod. Med. Topics 17: not paginated, 3 pages, issue no. 7, June, 1956.

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association: Survey of Physicians: Opinion on Means of Obtaining Comprehensive Drug Information, 20 pages. Dec. 21, 1960.

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association: News release, Washington, D. C, July 12, 1968. Information taken from this news release may be found in J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. NS8: 516, 1968.

Piecoro, J.: An Evaluation of the Pharmacist Serving as a Source of Drug Information to the Physician. (M.S. Thesis, College of Pharmacy) Ohio State University, Columbus, 1966. Subsequently published in modified form as: Piecoro J. J. , Wolf H. H. , and Knapp D. A. : A Pharmacist on Hospital Ward Rounds, J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. NS7: 630–633, 1967.

Politz, Alfred, Media Studies: The Advertising Page Audience of Six Medical Publications, a condensed report prepared by Medical Economics, 1967.

Politz Alfred , Media Studies: The Important Thousands, Modern Medicine/Politz Study on Advertising Effectiveness, 1968.

Rand R. B. : Pharmaceutical Advertising to Doctors. J. Bus. 14: 150–168, 1941.

Rehder R. R. : The Role of the Detail Man in the Diffusion and Adoption of an Ethical Pharmaceutical Innovation within a Single Medical Community, (Ph.D. dissertation) Palo' Alto, Stanford University, 1961. The main conclusions of this study were reported in: Rehder, R. R.: Communication and Opinion Formation within a Medical Community: the Significance of the Detailman, Acad. Management J. 8: 282–291, 1965.

Rogers M. : Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press of Glencoe. New York, 1962.

Rosner M. M. : Organizational Influences on Hospital Adoption of New Drugs, (Ph.D. dissertation) University of Chicago, Chicago, 1965. Subsequently reported, in part, in: Rosner, M. M.: Economic Determinants of Organizational Innovation, Admin. Science Q. 12: 614–625, 1968.

Ryan B. , and Gross N. C. : The diffusion of Hybrid Seed Corn in Two Iowa Communities, Rural Sociol. 8: 15–24, 1943.

Stolley P. D. , and Lasagna L. : Prescribing Patterns of Physicians, J. Chronic Dis. 22: 395–405, 1969.

Task Force on Prescription Drugs: Report and Recommendations, second interim report. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1968.

Wilkening E. A. : Acceptance of Improved Farm Practices, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh. Technical Bulletin 98, 1952.

Wilson C. W. M. : Therapeutic Sources for Prescribing in Great Britain, J. New Drugs 3: 276–286, 1963.

Wmick C. : The Diffusion of an Innovation among Physicians in a Large City, Sociometry 24: 384–396, 1961.