Aminophylline — Review of Clinical Use

Hermann G. , and Aynesworth M. B. : Successful Treatment of Persistent Extreme Dyspnea: Status Asthmaticus, Use of Theophylline Ethylenediamine (Aminophylline, U.S.P.) Intravenously, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 23: 135–148 (Nov.) 1937.

Waxler S. H. , and Schack J. A. : Administration of Aminophylline (Theophylline Ethylenediamine) J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 143: 736–739 (June 24) 1950.

Rounds V. J. : Aminophylline Poisoning, Pediat. 14: 528–531 (Nov.) 1954.

Noike A. C. : Severe Toxic Effects from Aminophylline and Theophylline Suppositories in Children, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 161: 693–697 (June 23) 1956.

White B. H. , and Daeschner C. W. : Aminophylline (Theophylline Ethylenediamine) Poisoning in Children, J. Pediat. 49: 262–271 (Sept.) 1956.

Soifer H. : Aminophylline Toxicity, J. Pediat. 50: 657–669 (June) 1957.

McKee M. , and Haggerty R. J. : Aminophylline Poisoning, N. E. J. Med. 256: 956–957 (May 16) 1957.

Ratner B. : The Use and Abuse of Drugs in the Treatment of Asthma in Children, Pediat. 23: 781–790 (Apr.) 1959.

Anon.: Aminophylline “Safe” for Children, in Medical News, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 207: 255 (Jan. 13) 1969.

Szentivanyi A. : The Beta Adrenergic Theory of Atopic Abnormality in Bronchial Asthma, J. Allergy 42: 203–232 (Oct.) 1968.

Breckenridge B. Mcl. : Cyclic AMP and Drug Action, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 10: 19–34, 1970.

Lanoff G. , and Crawford O. : Fatalities from Bronchial Asthma in Children, Ann. Allergy 22: 349–356 (July) 1964.

Schiffer G. , and Hunt E. P. : Illnesses Among Children, Data from U.S. National Health Survey, Children's Bureau Publ. No. 405, U. S. Dept. Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C. (Dec.) 1963.

Dees S. C. : “Asthma,” in Kendig E. L. Jr. , ed.: Disorders of the Respiratory in Children, ed. 1, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa., p. 449–487, 1967.

Ritchie J. M. : “Central Nervous System Stimulants II. The Xanthines,” in Goodman L. S. , and Gilman A. , eds.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed. 4, The MacMillan Co., New York, N. Y. p. 358–370, 1970.

Richards W. , and Siegel S. C. : Status Asthmaticus, Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 16: 9–29 (Feb.) 1969.

Richards W. , Siegel S. C. , Strauss J. , Leigh M. D. : Status Asthmaticus in Children, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 201: 75–81 (July 10) 1967.

Snider G. L. : The Management of the Severely Ill Asthmatic Patient, Ann. Allergy 24: 626–632 (Nov.) 1966.

Bailit I. W. , and Mueller H. L. : “Allergic Disorders,” in Pediatric Therapy ed. 4 Shirkey H. C. , ed.: C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo., p. 816–821, 1972.

Mansmann H. C. : Management of the Child with Bronchial Asthma, Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 15: 357–385 (May) 1968.

Pande J. N. , Jain B. P. , and Guleria J. S. : Reversibility of Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 101: 371–376 (Mar.) 1970.

Rees H. A. , Borthwick R. C. , Millar J. S. , and Donald K. W. : Aminophylline in Bronchial Asthma, Lancet 2: 1167–1169 (Dec. 2) 1967.

Freedman S. S. , and Pelletier G. A. : Asthma in Childhood, Treatment of 1070 Cases, Ann. Allergy 28: 133–141 (Apr.) 1970.

Sheffer A. L. , and Valentin M. D. : The Treatment of Bronchial Asthma, Med. Clin. N. Amer. 53: 239–248 (Mar.) 1969.

Adams R. D. : “Sleep and its Abnormalities” in Wintrobe M. M. , eds.: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, ed. 6, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y., p. 157–163, 1971.

Dowell A. R. , Heyman A. , Sicker H. O. , and Tripathy K. : Effect of Aminophylline on Respiratory Center Sensitivity in Cheyne-Stokes Respiration and Pulmonary Emphysema, N. E. J. Med. 273: 1447–1453 (Dec. 30) 1965.

Brest A. N. , Seller R. , Onesti G. , Ramirez O. , Swartz C. , and Moyer J. H. : Clinical Selection of Diuretic Drugs in the Management of Cardiac Edema, Amer. J. Cardiol. 22: 168–176 (Aug.) 1968.

DeGraff A. C. , and Lyon A. F. : Diuretic Therapy, Amer. Heart J. 67: 840–843 (June) 1964.

Parker J. O. , Kelly G. , and West R. : Hemodynamic Effects of Aminophylline in Heart Failure, Amer. J. Cardiol. 17: 232–239 (Feb.) 1966.

Burch G. E. , and De Pasquale N. P. : Congestive Heart Failure-Acute Pulmonary Edema, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 208: 1895–1897 (June 9) 1969.

Anon.: “Spasmolytics” in American Hospital Formulary Service, American Society Hospital Pharmacists, Washington, D.C., 1970.

Robin E. D. , and Knowles J. M. : “Treatment of Acute and Chronic Respiratory Impairment” in Wintrobe M. M. , eds.: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, ed. 6, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., p. 1352–1357, 1971.

Wittig H. J. , and Chang C. H. : Bronchiolitis or Asthma? Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 16: 55–66 (Feb.) 1969.

Millard F. J. C. : The Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis, Geriatrics 20: 854–863 (Oct.) 1965.

Thomsen K. , and Schou M. : Renal Lithium Excretion in Man, Amer. J. Physiol. 215: 823–827 (Oct.) 1968.

Thomsen K. : Renal Lithium Elimination in Man and Active Treatment of Lithium Poisoning, Acta Psychiat. Scand. 207: 83–84 1969.

Gaind R. , and Sarand B. M. : Treatment of Acute Lithium Intoxication, Lancet 1: 197–198 (Jan. 24) 1970.

Anon.: Compatibility Digest-Aminophylline Intravenous, Amer. J. Hosp. Pharm. 27: 67–69 (Jan.) 1970.

Yamagata K. : Complexities of Parenteral Admixtures, Alta Bates Comm. Hosp. Drug Inform. Serv. Newsl. Berkeley, Calif., 1: 1–20 (Aug.-Sept.) 1969.

Anon.: Incompatibility of Drugs after Intravenous Administration, The Medical Letter, 9: 67–68 (Aug. 25) 1967.

Edward Sister M. : pH—An Important Factor in Compatibility of Additives in Intravenous Therapy, Amer. J. Hosp. Pharm. 24: 440–449 (Aug.) 1967.

Webb J. W. : A pH Pattern for IV Additives, Amer. J. Hosp. Pharm. 26: 31–35 (Jan.) 1969.

O'Reilly R. A. , and Aggele P. M. : Determinants of the Response to Oral Anticoagulants in Man, Pharmacol. Rev. 22: 35–96 (Mar.) 1970.

Hansten P. C. : Drug Interactions, Lea and Febiger Co., Philadelphia, Pa., p. 37, 1971.

Koch-Wesser J. , and Sellers E. H. : Drug Interactions with Coumadin Anti-Coagulants, N. E. J. Med. 285: 547–558 (Aug. 26) 1971.

Paulus H. E. , Coutts A. , Calabro J. J. , Klineberg J. R. : Clinical Significance of Hyperuricemia in Routinely Screened Hospitalized Men. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 211: 277–281 (Jan. 12) 1970.

Atuk N. O. , Blaydes M. C. , Westervelt F. B. Jr. , and Wood J. E. Jr. : Effect of Aminophylline on Urinary Excretion of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Man, Circulation 35: 745–756 (Apr.) 1967.

Ensinck J. W. , Stoll R. W. , Gale C. C. , Santen R. J. , Touber J. L. , and Williams R. H. : Effect of Aminophylline on the Secretion of Insulin, Glucagon Luteinizing Hormone and Growth Hormone in Humans, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 31: 153–161 (Aug.) 1970.

Richards W. , and Patrick J. R. : Death from Asthma in Children, Amer. J. Dis. Children 110: 4–21 (July) 1965.

Gault J. E. : A Fatal Reaction to Aminophylline Given Intravenously, Med. J. Australia 51: 148 (July 25) 1964.

Manselli R. , Casal G. L. , and Ellis E. F. : Pharmacologic Effects of Intravenously Administered Aminophylline in Asthmatic Children, J. Pediat. 76: 777–782 (May) 1970.

Lillehei J. P. : Aminophylline: Oral vs. Rectal Administration, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 205: 530–531 (Aug. 12) 1968.

Rapp D. J. : Management of the Child With Allergic Asthma and Rhinitis, Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 16: 257–269 (Feb.) 1969.

Bickerman H. A. : “Antiallergic Agents” in Modell W. , ed.: Drugs of Choice 1968-1969, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo., p. 425–446, 1968.

Howard L. A. : The Effect of Oral Theophylline on Bronchospasm, J. Asthma Res. 8: 111–114 (Mar.) 1971.

Taylor W. F. , Heimlich E. M. , Strick L. , Busser R. : Ephedrine and Theophylline in Asthmatic Children. Quantitative Observations on the Combination and Ephedrine Tachyphylaxsis, Ann. Allergy 23: 437–440 (Sept.) 1965.

Schneller G. H. : Hazard of Therapeutic Non-Equivalency of Drug Products, J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc., NS9: 455–459 (Sept.) 1969.

Shirkey H. C. : Therapeutic Reliability of Variously Manufactured Drugs: Generic-Therapeutic Equivalence, J. Pediat. 76: 774–776 (May) 1970.

Task Force on Prescription Drugs, Final Report, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C., (Feb. 7) 1969.

Schluger J. , McGinn J. T. , and Hennessy D. J. : Comparative Theophylline Blood Levels Following Oral Administration of Three Different Preparations, Amer. J. Med. Sci. 233: 296–302 (Mar.) 1957.

Jackson R. H. , McHenry J. I. , Moreland F. B. , Raymer W. J. , and Etter R. L. : Clinical Evaluation of Elixophyllin with Correlation of Pulmonary Function Studies and Theophylline Serum Levels in Acute and Chronic Asthmatic Patients, Dis. Chest 45: 75–85 (Jan.) 1964.

Grover F. W. : Oxtriphylline Glyceryl Guaiacolate Elixir in Pediatric Asthma: With a Theophylline Review, Ann. Allergy 23: 127–147 (Mar.) 1965.

Etter R. L. , Jackson R. H. , and Raymer W. J. : Effects of Theophylline-Alcohol With Potassium Iodide in Asthmatic Patients, Ann. Allergy 27: 70–78 (Feb.) 1968.

McGinn J. T. : Blood Levels Produced by Three Theophylline-Containing Elixirs, Curr. Therap. Res. 7: 110–115 (Feb.) 1965.

Parker W. J. : Clinically Significant; Alcohol-Drug Interactions, J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. NS10: 664–673 (Dec.) 1970.

Fitzgerald M. G. , Gaddie R. , Malins J. M. , and O'Sullivan D. J. : Alcohol Sensitivity in Diabetics Receiving Chlorpropamide, Diabetes 11: 40–43 (Jan.-Feb.) 1962.

Barboriak J. J. : Drug Reactions after Ingestion of Alcohol, Wisconsin Med. J. 63: 213–214 (Apr.) 1964.

Podgainy H. , and Bressler R. : Biochemical Basis of the Sulfonylurea Induced Antabuse Syndrome, Diabetes 17: 679–683 (Nov.) 1968.

Segal M. S. , Levinson L. , Bresnick E. , and Beakey J. F. : Evaluation of Therapeutic Substances Employed for Relief of Bronchospasm: VI. Aminophylline, J. Clin. Invest. 28: 1182 1949.

Traverse N. , and Segal M. S. : Rectal Aminophylline, Ann. Allergy 20: 182–188 (Mar.) 1962.

Yunginger J. W. , Shigeta M. , Smith I. , Green M. , and Keitel J. G. : Serum Theophylline Levels and Control of Asthma Following Rectal Theophylline, Ann. Allergy 24: 469–483 (Sept.) 1966.

Palm C. R. , Murcek M. A. , Mansmann H. C. Jr. , Fireman P. , and Roberts T. R. : A Review of Asthma Admissions and Deaths at Children's Hospital at Pittsburgh from 1935 to 1968, J. Allergy 46: 257–269 (Nov.) 1970.

Dworetzky M. : The Dangers of Therapeutic Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma, South. Med. J. 62: 649–654 (June) 1969.

Prince H. E. , Jackson R. H. , Etter R. L. , Raymer W. J. , and Moreland F. B. : Theophylline Blood Level Studies Following the Rectal Administration of Reduced Dosage of Theophylline Monoethanolamine, Ann. Allergy 18: 1331–1335 (Dec.) 1960.

Pearson J. : Therapeutic Overdose with Aminophylline, Lancet 2: 1296–1297 (Dec. 12) 1964.

Boggs H. W. : Clinical Evaluation of Theophylline in Adult and Pediatric Asthma, South. Med. J. 56: 75–77 (Jan.) 1963.

Segal M. S. , Weiss E. B. : Rectal Aminophylline (Blood Levels with Concentrated Solutions), Ann. Allergy 29: 135–138 (Mar.) 1971.

Turner-Warwick M. : Study of Theophylline Plasma Levels After Oral Administration of New Theophylline Compounds, Brit. Med. J. 2: 67–69 (July 13) 1957.

Taylor W. F. , Siegel S. C. , Busser R. J. , Strick L. , and Heimlich E. M. : A Controlled Evaluation of Oral Theophylline in Asthmatic Children, Ann. Allergy 26: 523–530 (Oct.) 1968.

Jenne J. W. , Wyze E. , Rood F. S. , and MacDonald F. M. : Importance of Individual Aminophylline Elimination Rates in the Maintenance of Therapeutic Levels, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 76: 1027 (Dec.) 1970.

Jenne J. W. , Rood F. S. , and MacDonald F. M. : Serum Theophylline Levels and the Selection of a Maintenance Dose Schedule (abstr.), Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 103: 912 (June) 1971.

Nelson E. : Solution Rate of Theophylline Salts and Effects from Oral Administration, J. Pharm. Sci., 46: 607–614 (Oct.) 1957.

Wong D. , Lopapa A. F. , Haddad Z. H. : Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction to Aminophylline, J. Allergy 48: 165–170 (Sept.) 1971.

Baer R. L. , Cohen H. J. , Neidorff A. H. : Allergic Eczematous Sensitivity to Aminophylline, Arch. Dermatol. 79: 647–648 (June) 1959.

Tas J. , and Weissberg D. : Allergy to Aminophylline, Acta Allergol. 12: 39–42 1958.

Provost T. T. , and Jillson O. F. : Ethylenediamine Contact Dermatitis, Arch. Dermatol. 96: 231–234 (Sept.) 1967.

Shapiro S. , Slone D. , George P. L. , and Jick H. : The Epidemiology of Digoxin—A Study in Three Boston Hospitals, J. Chron. Dis. 22: 361–371 (Nov.) 1969.

Murpthy G. W. , Schreiner B. F. , and Yu P. N. : Effects of Aminophylline on the Pulmonary Circulation and Left Ventricular Performance in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease, Circulation 37: 361–369 (Mar.) 1968.

Arky R. : Diphenylhydantoin and the Beta Cell, N. E. J. Med. 286: 371–372 (Feb. 17) 1972.

Ensinck J. W. , Stoll R. W. , Gale C. C. , Saten R. J. , Touber J. L. , and Williams R. H. : Effect of Aminophylline on the Secretion of Insulin, Glucagon, Luteinizing Hormone and Growth Hormone in Humans, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 31: 153–161 (Aug.) 1970.

Jenne J. W. , Wyze E. , Rood F. S. , and McDonald F. : Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline, Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 13: 349–360 (May-June) 1972.

Davidson M. B. : Reaction to Intravenous Aminophylline (Letters), N. E. J. Med. 285: 689 (Sept. 16) 1971.

Hartshorn E. A. : Drug Interactions-Antihistamines. Drug Intell. 2: 198–201 (Aug.) 1968.

Chelton L. G. , and Whisnant C. L. : The Combination of Alcohol and Drug Interactions, South. Med. J. 59: 393 (Apr.) 1966.

Joycer C. R. B. : Potentiation by Phenobarbitone on Effects of Ethyl Alcohol, on Human Behavior, J. Mental Sci. 105: 51 (Jan.) 1959.