National Association of School Nurses Position Statement: Opioid Overdose Reversal Medication (Naloxone) and Care in the School Setting

Butler S. M. Boucher E. A. Tobison J. Phan H. (2020). Medication use in schools: Current trends, challenges, and best practices. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-25.1.7

Cardona M. A. Gupta R. (October 30. 2023). White House letter to schools. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Letter-to-Schools.pdf

King R. (2024). Naloxone use in the school setting. In Resha C. A. Taliaferro V. (Eds.), Legal resource for school health services (2nd ed., pp. 483–489). SchoolNurse.com.

Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association. (2021). Model expanded access to emergency opioid antagonists act. https://legislativeanalysis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Model-Expanded-Access-to-Emergency-Opioid-Antagonists-Act-FINAL.pdf

Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association. (2022). Naloxone: Summary of state laws. https://legislativeanalysis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Naloxone-Access-Summary-of-State-Laws.pdf

Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association. (2023). Model school response to drugs and drug-related incidents act. https://legislativeanalysis.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Model-School-Response-to-Drugs-and-Drug-Related-Incidents-Act.pdf

Lowe A. A. Gerald J. Clemens C. Gaither C. Gerald L. B. (2022). Medication administration practices in United States’ schools: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. The Journal of School Nursing, 38(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405211026300

McDonald C. C. Pinto-Martin J. Compton P. Parikh M. Meisel Z. F. (2020). School nurse reported supply and administration of naloxone in schools. Public Health Nursing, 37(3), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12715

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2022). Naloxone drugfacts. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/naloxone

Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools (REMS) Technical Assistance (TA) Center. (2023). Preparing for opioid-related emergencies for K-12 schools and institutions of higher education. https://rems.ed.gov/docs/Opioid-Fact-Sheet-508C.pdf

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2023). Non-prescription (“over-the-counter”) naloxone frequently asked questions. https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/naloxone/faqs

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023, July 28). FDA approves second over-the-counter naloxone nasal spray product [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-second-over-counter-naloxone-nasal-spray-product