This study examined expectations of cognitive conflict, social conflict, decision confidence, and postdecision group affect in the dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus decision-making techniques. Expectations show some congruence with the affective, but not objective, outcomes found in prior empirical studies. Expectations were found to discriminate among dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensus.
Beyer, J.M. (1981). Ideologies, values, and decision making in organizations In P. C. Nystrom & W. H. Starbuck (Eds.), Handbook of organizational design (Vol. 2, pp. 166-202). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3.
Cook, R.L., & Hammond, K.R. (1982). Interpersonal learning and interpersonal conflict reduction in decision-making groups In R. A. Guzzo (Ed.), Improving group decision making in organizations (pp. 13-40). London : Academic Press.
4.
Cosier, R.A. (1978). The effects of three potential aids for making strategic decisions on prediction accuracyOrganizational Behavior and Human Performance, 22, 295-306.
5.
Cosier, R.A. (1980). Inquiry method, goal difficulty, and context effects on performanceDecision Sciences, 11, 1-16.
6.
Cosier, R.A. (1982). Methods for improving the strategic decision: Dialectic versus the devil's advocateStrategic Management Journal, 3, 373-374.
7.
Cosier, R.A., & Aplin, J.C. (1980). A critical view of dialectical inquiry as a tool in strategic planningStrategic Management Journal , 1, 343-356.
8.
Cosier, R.A., & Rose, R.L. (1977). Cognitive conflict and goal conflict effects on task performanceOrganizational Behavior and Human Performance , 19, 378-391.
9.
Cosier, R.A., & Schwenk, C.R. (1990). Agreement and thinking alike: Ingredients for poor decisionsAcademy of Management Executive , 4, 69-74.
10.
Eden, D., & Shani, A.B. (1982). Pygmalion goes to boot camp: Expectancy, leadership, and trainee performanceJournal of Applied Psychology , 67, 194-199.
11.
Evan, W.M. (1965). Conflict and performance in R&D organizationsIndustrial Management Review, 7, 37-46.
12.
Gero, A. (1985). Conflict avoidance in consensual decision processesSmall Group Behavior, 16, 487-499.
Hilton, J.L., & Darley, J.M. (1985). Constructing other persons: A limit on the effectJournal of Experimental Social Psychology , 21, 1-18.
15.
Hoffman, L.R., Harburg, E., & Maier, N.R.F. (1962). Differences and disagreement as factors in creative group decision makingJournal ofAbnormal and Social Psychology , 64, 206-214.
16.
Jussim, L. (1986). Self-fulfilling prophecies: A theoretical and integrative viewPsychological Review, 93, 429-445.
17.
Mason, R.O. (1969). A dialectical approach to strategic planningManagement Science, 15, B403-414.
18.
Merton, R.K. (1957). Social theory and social structure (rev. ed.). Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
19.
Miller, L.E., & Grush, J.E. (1988). Improving predictions in expectancy theory research: Effects of personality, expectancies, and normsAcademy of Management Journal, 31(1), 107-122.
20.
Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D., & Theoret, A. (1976). The structure of "unstructured" decision processesAdministrative Science Quarterly, 21, 246-275.
21.
Mitroff, I.I. (1982). Talking past one's colleagues in matters of policyStrategic Management Journal, 3, 374-375.
22.
Mitroff, I.I., Barabba, V.P., & Kilman, R.H. (1977). The application of behavioral and philosophical technologies to strategic planning: A case study of a large federal agencyManagement Science, 24, 44-58.
23.
Rahim, M.A. (1983). Measurement of organizational conflictJournal of General Psychology, 109, 189-199.
24.
Riecken, H.W. (1952). Some problems of consensus developmentRural Sociology, 17, 245-252.
25.
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom: Teacher expectation and pupils' intellectual developmentNew York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
26.
Schweiger, D.M., & Finger, P.A. (1984). The comparative effectiveness of dialectical inquiry and devil's advocacy: The impact of task biases on previous research findingsStrategic Management Journal, 5, 335-350.
27.
Schweiger, D.M., Sandberg, W.R., & Ragan, J.W. (1986). Group approaches for improving strategic decision making: A comparative analysis of dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy, and consensusAcademy of Management Journal , 29(1), 51-71.
28.
Schweiger, D.M., Sandberg, W.R., & Rechner, P. (1988). A longitudinal comparative analysis of dialectical inquiry, devil's advocacy and consensus approaches to strategic decision makingAcademy of Management Proceedings , 32-36.
29.
Schwenk, C.R. (1982a). Effects of inquiry methods and ambiguity tolerance on prediction performanceDecision Science , 13, 207-221.
30.
Schwenk, C.R. (1982b). Dialectical inquiry in strategic decision making: A comment on the continuing debateStrategic Management Journal, 3, 371-373.
31.
Schwenk, C.R. (1989). A meta-analysis on the comparative effectiveness of devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiryStrategic Management Journal, 10, 303-306.
32.
Schwenk, C.R., & Cosier, R.A. (1980). Effects of the expert, devil's advocate and dialectical inquiry methods on prediction performanceOrganizational Behavior and Human Performance, 26, 409-424.
33.
Shrivastava, P. (1985). Integrating strategy formulation with organizational cultureJournal of Business Strategy, 5, 103-111.
34.
Snyder, M., & Swann, W.B. Jr. (1978). Behavioral confirmation in social interaction: From social perception to social realityJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 148-162.
35.
Thomas, K. (1976). Conflict and conflict management In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 889-935). Chicago: Rand McNally .
36.
Torrance, E.P. (1957). Group decision making and disagreementSocial Forces, 35, 314-318.
37.
Vroom, V.H., & Yetton, P.W. (1973). Leadership and decision makingPittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.