Participants read descriptions of a male or female director who did not distribute funds according to organizational needs and were informed that such distribution had or had not occurred before. Participants were then asked to evaluate 10 possible accounts for the behavior. Results showed that previous history of misappropriation, participant gender, and gender of director affected the acceptability of some of the accounts.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allen, R.W., Madison, D.L., Porter, L.W., Renwick, P.A., & Mayes, B.T. (1977). Organizational politics: Tactics characteristics of its actors. California Management Review, 15, 77-83.
2.
Anderson, L.R., & Thacker, J. (1985). Self-monitoring and sex as related to assessment center ratings and job performance. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 6, 345-361.
3.
Baron, R.A. (1986). Self-presentation in job interviews: When there can be "too much of a good thing." Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16, 16-28.
4.
Bass, B.M. (1981). Stogdill's handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press.
Berger, J., Cohen, B.P., & Zelditch, M. (1972). Status characteristics and social interaction . American Sociological Review, 37, 241-255.
7.
Butterfield, D.A., & Bartol, K.M. (1977). Evaluators of leader behavior: A missing element in leadership theory. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge (pp. 167-188). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
8.
Fletcher, C. (1981). The influence of candidate's beliefs and self-presentation strategies in selection interviews. Personnel Review, 10,14-17.
9.
Fletcher, C., & Spencer, A. (1984). Sex of candidate and sex of interviewer as determinants of self-presentation orientation in interviews: An experimental study. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 305-313.
10.
Forsyth, D.R., Schlenker, B.R., Leary, M.R., & McCown, N.E. (1985). Selfpresentational determinants of sex differences in leadership behavior. Small Group Behavior, 16,197-210.
11.
Giacalone, R.A. (1985). On slipping when you thought that you had put your best foot forward: Self-promotion, self-destruction, and entitlements . Group & Organization Studies, 10, 61-80.
12.
Giacalone, R.A., & Rosenfeld, P. (1984). The effect of perceived planning and propriety on the effectiveness of leadership accounts. Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 217-224.
13.
Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public. New York : Harper & Row.
14.
Gordon, M.E., Slade, L.A., & Schmitt, N. (1986). The "science of the sophomore" revisited: From conjecture to empiricism. Academy of Management Review, 11, 191-207.
15.
Graen, G. (1976). Role making processes within complex organizations . In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp.1201-1245). Chicago: Rand McNally.
16.
Harvey, O.J. (1953). An experimental approach to the study of status relationships in informal groups. American Sociological Review , 18, 357-367.
17.
Hollander, E.P., & Julian, J.W. (1969). Contemporary trends in the analysis of leadership processes. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 387-397.
18.
Ilgen, D.R., & Fujii, D.S. (1976). An investigation of the validity of leader behavior descriptions obtained from subordinates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 642-651.
19.
Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S.M., Swaffin-Smith, C., & Wilkinson, I. (1984, Winter). Patterns of managerial influence: Shotgun managers, tacticians, and bystanders. Organizational Dynamics , 58-67.
Leary, M.R., & Schlenker, B.R. (1980). Self-presentation in a task-oriented leadership situation. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 11, 152-158.
22.
Luthans, F., & Kreitner, R. (1985). Organizational behavior modification and beyond . Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman .
23.
Riordan, C.A. (1981, August). The effectiveness of post-transgression accounts. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles .
Shaw, M.E., & Costanzo, P.R. (1982). Theories of social psychology . New York: McGraw-Hill.
28.
Shields, N.M. (1979). Accounts and other interpersonal strategies in a credibility detracting context. Pacific Sociological Review , 22, 225-232.
29.
Snyder, C.R., Higgins, R., & Stucky, R.J. (1983). Excuses: Masquerades in search of grace. New York: John Wiley.
30.
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 30, 526-537.
31.
Thompson, V. (1961). Modern organization. New York : Knopf.
32.
VonBaeyer, C.L., Sherk, D.L., & Zanna, M.P. (1981). Impression management in the job interview: When the female applicant meets the male (chauvinist) interviewer. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7,45-51.
33.
Wood, R.E., & Mitchell, T.E. (1981). Manager behavior in a social context: The impact of impression management on attributions and disciplinary actions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 28, 356-378.
34.
Yukl, G. (1981). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
