Questionnaire items were designed to measure subordinates' per
ceptions of their superior's response to particular aspects of their
subordinates and the work situation. Some of the items focus on
actions that subordinates are likely to view as generally inappro
priate. Others concern actions that are likely to be viewed as con
structive under some conditions, but dysfunctional under others.
The items were included in cross-sectional field studies of sanita
tion workers, teachers, and stewards of a service industry union.
The items are found to have similar statistical properties to tradi
tionally designed items. Their association with other leadership
items and with attitudinal criteria indicate that some reflect dif
ferent aspects of leadership than do traditionally phrased items.
Others overlap empirically with established measures, but con
tribute to an understanding of the phenomenology of leader behav
ior as seen by subordinates.
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