Increasingly over the last fifteen years the principles of behavior modification
have been applied to the management process and to the training area, This
article describes an approach to team training based on behavior modification
learning principles and describes how it differsfrom other learning approaches
and from common practice. While the implications are strongest for off-site and
classroom training, there are implications for process comultation with intact
teams.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bass, B.M., & Vaughan, J.A.Training in industry: The management of learning. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1969.
2.
Beatty, R.W., & Schneier, C.E.Training the hard core unemployed through positive reinforcement. Human Resource Management, 1972, 11(4), 11-17.
3.
Benne, K.D., & Sheats, P.Functional roles of group members. Journal of Social Issues , 1948, 4(2).
4.
Bradford, L.P., Gibb, J.R., & Benne, K.D.T-group theory and laboratory methodNew York: John Wiley, 1964.
5.
Brilhart, J.K.Effective group discussion. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown, 1967.
6.
Brilhart, J.K., & Jochem, L.M.Effects of different patterns on outcomes of problem-solving discussion . Journal of Applied Psychology, 1964, 48(3), 175-179.
7.
Briscoe, R.W., Hoffman, D.B., & Bailey, J.S.Behavioral community psychology: Training a community board to problem solve . Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 1975, 8(2), 157-168.
8.
Campbell, J.D., & Dunnette, M.D.Effectiveness of T-group experience in managerial training and development. Psychological Bulletin, 1968, 70, 73-104.
9.
Dyer, W.G.Team building: Issues and alternatives. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1972.
10.
Egan, G.Encounter: Group processes for interpersonal growth. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1970 .
11.
Gibb, J.R.The effects of human relations training. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis. New York: John Wiley, 1971.
12.
Gibb, J.R., Smith, E.E., & Roberts, A.H.Effects of positive and negative feedback upon defensive behavior in small problem solving groups. American Psychologist, 1955, 10, 335.
13.
Hackman, J.R.Effects of task characteristics on group products. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1968, 4, 162-187.
14.
Haney, W.V.Communication and interpersonal relations: Text and cases (4th ed.). Richard D. Irwin, 1979. Pp. 249-251.
15.
Hersen, M., & Barlow, D.H.Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change . New York: Pergamon, 1976.
16.
Jacobs, M., Jacobs, A., Gatz, M., & Schaible, T.Credibility and desirability of positive and negative structured feedback in groups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1973, 40(2), 244-252.
17.
Kim, J.S., & Hamner, W.C.Effect of performance feedback and goal/setting on productivity and satisfaction in an organizational setting. Journal of Applied Psychology , 1976, 61(1), 48-57.
Maier, N.R.F.The quality of group decisions as influenced by the discussion leader . Human Relations, 1950, 3, 155-174.
23.
Mill, C.R.Feedback: The art of giving and receiving help. In L. Porter & C. R. Mill (Eds.), Reading book for human relations training. NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1976. Pp. 18-19.
24.
Morasky, R.L.Self-shaping training systems and flexible model behavior, i.e., sales interviewing . Educational Technology, 1971 , 11(5), 57-59.
25.
Morris, W.C., & Sashkin, M.Feedback: Helping others learn to share information. Chap. 4 in Organization behavior in action. Minneapolis, MN: West, 1976. Pp. 54-90.
26.
Myers, G.E., Myers, M.T., Goldberg, A., & Welch, C.E.Effect of feedback on interpersonal sensitivity in laboratory training groups . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 1969 , 5(2), 175-185.
27.
Nadler, D.A.The effects of feedback on task group behavior: A review of the experimental research. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 1979, 23, 309-338.
28.
Pfeiffer, J.W., & Jones, J.E.Openness, collusion, and feedback. In J. W. Pfeiffer and J. E. Jones (Eds.), The 1972 annual handbook for group facilitators. La Jolla, CA: University Associates, 1972.
29.
Pfeiffer, J. W., & Jones , (Eds.) A handbook of structured experiences for human relations training (Vol. IV). La Jolla, CA: University Associates, 1976.
30.
Porter, L.A.A longer look at feedback: Skill building for senders and receivers . Social Change, 1974, 4(3).
31.
Schein, E.H., Process consultation: Its role in organization development. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969 .
32.
Schein, E.H., & Bennis, W.G.Personal and organizational change through group methods: The laboratory approach . New York: John Wiley , 1965.
33.
Schneier, C.E.Behavior modification in management: A review and critique. Academy of Management Journal, 1974, 17, 528-548.
34.
Shaw, M.E.Group dynamics and the psychology of small group behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971.
35.
Skinner, B.F.Contingencies of reinforcement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969.
36.
Solomon, L.N.Team development: A training approach. In J. W. Pfeiffer & J. E. Jones (Eds.), The 1977 annual handbook for group facilitators, La Jolla, CA: University Associates, 1977. Pp. 181-193.
37.
Van de Ven, A.H., & Delbecq, A.L.The effectiveness of nominal, delphi, and interacting group decision-making process. Academy of Management Journal, 1974 , 17(4), 605-621.
38.
Yalom, I.D.The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. New York : Basic Books, 1970.
