Various conceptual approaches to successful organizational change are reviewed and their relative merits discussed. A systematic situation- based approach for selecting an appropriate change strategy is outlined. This model focuses on initial attitudes toward change, identification of relevant target groups or levels, and analyses of problem types. Several examples and applications are presented.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allen, S.A.Organizational choice and general influence networks for diversified companies . Academy of Management journal, 1978, 3, 341-365.
2.
Beer, M., & Driscoll, J.W.Strategies for Change. In J. R. Hackman & J. L. Suttle (Eds.), Improving life at work: Behavioral science approaches to organizational change. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear, 1977.
3.
Bennis, W.G.Organization development: Its nature, origins, and prospects. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969 .
Griener, L.E.Patterns of organizational change. Harvard Business Review , 1967,45,119-130.
16.
Gyllenhammar, P.G.How Volvo adapts work to people. Harvard Business Review, 1977, 55, 102-113.
17.
Hage, J., & Aiken, M.Social change in complex organizations. New York : Random House, 1970.
18.
Howes, N.J., & Quinn, R.E.Implementing change: From research to a prescriptive framework. Group & Organization Studies, 1978, 3, 71-84.
19.
Kotter, J.P., & Schlesinger, L.A.Choosing strategies for change. Harvard Business Review, 1979, 57, 106-114.
20.
Kremen, B.Lordstown—Searching for a better way of work. New York Times, September 9, 1973, pp. E 1-2.
21.
Lawrence, P.R.How to deal with resistance to change. Harvard Business Review , 1954,32,49-57.
22.
Leavitt, H.J.Applied organizational change in industry: Structural, technological, and humanistic approaches. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations. Chicago : Rand-McNally, 1965.
23.
Mann, F.C., & Hoffman, L.R.Automation and the worker. New York: Henry Holt, 1960.
24.
Mealiea, L.Learned behavior: The key to understanding and preventing employee resistance to change. Group & Organization Studies, 1978, 3, 211-223.
25.
Perrow, C.Organizational analysis: A sociological view. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1970.
26.
Porras, J.I., & Berg, P.O.The impact of organization development. Academy of Management Review, 1978, 3, 249-266.
27.
Powell, G.N.Attitude toward work-related change and organizational climate. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts , 1976.
28.
Powell, G.N., & Posner, B.Z.Resistance to change reconsidered: Implications for managers. Human Resource Management, 1978, 17, 29-34.
29.
Shepard, J.M.Automation and alienation: A study of office and factory workers. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1971.
30.
Taylor, F.W.Scientific management. New York: Harper Brothers, 1911.
31.
Urwick, L.F.The elements of administration. New York: Harper Brothers, 1943.
32.
Walker, C.R.Toward the automatic factory. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.
33.
Woodward, J.Industrial organization: Theory and practice. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.
