How to Design and Conduct Self-Directed Learning Experiences

Abstract

Traditional educational design methods take little account of the indi vidual learner's needs and learning processes. Effective design involves overcoming internal forces that oppose the educator's learning goals. When it is successful, the learner is changed but has gained little ability to create and manage his or her own learning processes. Self-directed learn ing principles and practices work selectively with the learner's own needs and motives, strengthening confidence and the ability to learn indepen dently. Such learning designs permit much greater individualization in content and direction. Learners respond by undertaking greater personal risks but experience less stress in doing so. Principles of self-directed learning design include: providing a clearly articulated conceptual framework; providing equally valued alternatives for participants to choose among; using structure and direction to support the learner until he or she can move ahead independently; and giving "maximum feasible choice" at all points in the learning process.