Abstract
This study draws upon theories of intergroup prejudice and bigoted violence to examine the effects of subnational correlates on the levels of racially motivated crime across different regions in four European countries between 1997 and 2013. To facilitate comparisons of hate crime across different nations, we estimate multilevel panel rate models where time is nested within the subnational units. The results reveal a significant and negative effect of the size of the foreign-born population on racially motivated crime, which is consistent with the power-differential hypothesis. In addition, we find that there is a concave curvilinear relationship between the size of the foreign-born population and racially motivated crime. The study concludes by discussing the role of contextual factors in predicting crime motivated by bias.
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