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2.
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ETS 5), 213 U.N.T.S. 222 (1950).
3.
Foster v.Florida, 537 U.S. 990, 991 (2002) (Thomas J. concur. cert. denied).
4.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976.
5.
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 59, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 302, entered into force March 23, 1976.
6.
Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952).
7.
Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551, 624 (2005) (Scalia J. dissent).
8.
Rushing, E.J., Frautschi, L., Gher, J.M., Heindel, A., & Edman, A. (2007). Updates from the international criminal courts . Human Rights Brief, 14, 55—59.