To reveal the influences of soil particle size on the dynamic impact mechanical properties of frozen soil, four groups of frozen soil specimens composed of different particle sizes are tested using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar. Based on the Druger–Prager failure criterion and coupled damage-plasticity, a dynamic micro-constitutive model is established for describing the dynamic mechanical behavior of the frozen soil. Macroscopically, frozen soil is assumed to be homogeneous and continuous, although a large number of micro-cracks and micro-voids are distributed randomly throughout the volume. When a frozen soil specimen is subjected to a substantial shock, the propagation of micro-cracks and the collapse of micro-voids can induce damage. The evolution equations of the two damage mechanisms are proposed. Finally, through a comparison, it was shown that simulation results agreed well with the experimental results, thus validating the suitability of the developed model.
ArbaouiJTarfaouiMBoueryCet al. (2016) Comparative study of mechanical properties and damage kinetics of two- and three-dimensional woven composites under high-strain rate dynamic compressive loading. International Journal of Damage Mechanics25(6): 878–899.
2.
Bo-ShengCShi-ShengHQin-YongMet al. (2005) Experimental researches of dynamic mechanical properties for frozen soil. Acta Mechanica Sinica37(6): 724–728.
3.
BrayMT (2012) The influence of cryostructure on the creep behavior of ice-rich permafrost. Cold Regions Science and Technology79–80: 43–52.
4.
BurlionNGatuingtGPijaudier-CabotGet al. (2000) Compaction and tensile damage in concrete: Constitutive modelling and application to dynamics. Computers Methods in Applies Mechanics and Engineering183: 291–308.
5.
ColantonioLStainierL (1996) Numerical integration of visco-plastic constitutive equations for porous materials. In: DesideriJATallecPOnateE (eds) Numerical Methods in Engineering’ 96Vol. 43, New York: Wiley Pubs, pp. 28–34.
6.
Dao-RongW (1987) Analytical Model and Numerical Simulations of Hypervelocity Penetration, AnHui: University of Science and Technology of China.
7.
DubéJF (1996) Rate dependent damage model for concrete in dynamics. Journal of Engineering Mechanics122: 939–947.
8.
DuoW (1989) Fracture Mechanics, Ha Erbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press.
9.
Feng-XiZShi-RongL (2008) Generalized Drucker-Prager strength criterion. Rock and Soil Mechanics29(3): 747–751.
10.
Furish MD (1998) Measuring static and dynamic properties of frozen silty soils. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports. Sandia Report, SAND 98-1497.
11.
GarajeuMMichelJCSuquetP (2000) A micromechanical approach of damage in viscoplastic materials by evolution in size, shape and distribution of voids. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering183: 223–246.
12.
GeorginJFReynouardJM (2001) Model of structures subjected to impact: Concrete behavior under high strain rate. Cement and Concrete Composites13: 1–13.
13.
Hai-DongZ (2013) Dynamic Tests and Constitutive Relations of Frozen Soil, Cheng Du: Southwest Jiaotong University.
14.
Hai-DongZZhi-WuZGuo-ZhengKet al. (2012) Dynamic constitutive relations of frozen soil based on Johnson-Cook model. Journal of Sichuan University44(S2): 19–22.
15.
Hai-DongZZhi-WuZShun-ChengS (2013) Dynamic behavior of frozen soil under uniaxial strain and stress conditions. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics34(2): 229–238.
16.
Hai-FengLJian-GuoN (2008a) Dynamic constitutive model of concrete subjected to impact loading. Engineering Mechanics25(12): 135–140.
17.
Hai-FengLJian-GuoN (2008b) Dynamic constitutive model of concrete subjected to intense impact loading. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics29(3): 231–238.
18.
Hong-JunLXian-ChunCJie-FengM (2005) Mechanic property of perennial frozen earth. Journal of Northeast Forestry University33(2): 102–103.
19.
IturriozILacidognaGCarpinteriA (2014) Acoustic emission detection in concrete specimens: Experimental analysis and lattice model simulations. International Journal of Damage Mechanics23: 327–358.
20.
Jian-GuoNHuiWZhi-WuZ (2005) Investigation of the constitutive model of frozen soil based on meso-mechanics. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology25(10): 847–851.
21.
Jian-GuoNYue-XiangHZhi-WuZ (2014) Dynamic constitutive modeling of frozen soil under impact loading. Chinese Science Bulletin59(26): 3255–3259.
22.
LadanyiB (1972) An engineering theory of creep of frozen soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal9(1): 63–80.
23.
Lee MY, Fossum A, Costin LS, et al. (2002) Frozen soil material testing and constitutive modeling. Sandia Report, SAND 05-24, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM.
24.
LemaitreJ (1979) Application of damage concepts to predict creep-fatigue failure. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology (ASME). 101(1, 202–209.
25.
LiLFlores-JohnsonEAShenLet al. (2015) Effects of heat treatment and strain rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 Al alloy. International Journal of Damage Mechanics24(1): 26–41.
26.
MuraT (1987) Micromechanics of Defects in Solids, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff publisher.
27.
OrtizMPopovEP (1982a) A physical model of the inelasticity of concrete. Proceeding of the Royal Society, London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences383: 101–125.
28.
OrtizMPopovEP (1982b) Plain concrete as a composite material. Mechanics of Material1: 139–150.
29.
PerzynaP (1966) Fundamental problems in visco-plasticity. In: KuertiG (ed.) Advances in Applied Mechanics, New York: Academic Press, pp. 243–377.
30.
Qi-JunXZhi-WuZGuo-ZhenK (2014) Dynamic stress-strain behavior of frozen soil: Experiments and modeling. Cold Regions Science and Technology106: 153–160.
31.
Qin-YongM (2005) Dynamic Mechanical Behaviours of Frozen Soil Under Impact Loading, Bei Jing: Beijing Institute of Technology.
32.
Qin-YongM (2010) Experimental analysis of dynamic mechanical properties for artificially frozen clay by the split Hopkinson pressure bar. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics51(3): 448–452.
33.
Qin-YongMPuYWen-FengCet al. (2014) Comparative analysis on dynamic mechanical properties of artificial frozen soil under uniaxial load and confining pressure. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering10(1): 26–29.
34.
TaylorLMChenEPKuszmaulJS (1986) Micro-crack induced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading. Journal of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering55: 301–332.
35.
WangW (1997) Stationary and Propagative Instabilities in Metals a Computational Point of View, Netherlands: TU Delft.
36.
Xue-ZuX (1994) Classification status and advice of frozen soil. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology16(3): 193–200.
37.
Yi-BinPZi-WangWWeiMet al. (1992) CT mathematical equation of CT experiment on frozen soil. Journal of Glaciology17(s1): 135–139.
38.
Yi-LongB (1992) Fracture and damage for material subjected to impact loading. In: Li-LiWTong-XiYYong-ChiL (eds) Progress in Impact Dynamics, He Fei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, pp. 231–238.
39.
Yuan-LinZJia-YiZWan-WeiPet al. (1992) The uniaxial constitutive relation of frozen soil. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology14(3): 210–217.
40.
YueM (2014) Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanism of Frozen Soil, Cheng Du: Southwest Jiaotong University.
41.
Zeng-LiL (2003) Study on Fracture and Damage Behavior of Frozen Soil, Da Lian: Dalian University of Technology.
42.
Zi-WangWWeiM (1994) The Strength and Creep of Frozen Soil, Lan Zhou: Lanzhou University Press.
