This paper reports a meso-structure model of 3D-braided composites for the analysis of compressive behaviors and failure modes under quasi-static and high-strain rate compression. An idealized geometrical model of 3D-braided composite, which has the same preform meso-structure with four-step 3D-braided composite is established for finite element analyses of compressive behaviors. The compression stress–strain curves obtained from experimental along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions were used to validate the finite element analyses model. The agreement between the experimental and finite element analyses results proves the validity of the finite element analyses model. It was found that the finite element analyses model provides a way to obtain the locations of stress propagation, the 3D stress state and the progressive failure behavior. The numerical results also showed that the fiber tows in the surface and corner area of braided preform play an important role during both quasi-static and high-strain rate loading.
BilisikK (2013) Three-dimensional braiding for composites: A review. Textile Research Journal83(13): 1414–1436.
2.
DuGWKoFK (1993) Unit-cell geometry of 3-D braided structures. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites12(7): 752–768.
3.
EndruweitALongAC (2011) A model for the in-plane permeability of triaxially braided reinforcements. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing42(2): 165–172.
4.
FangGLiangJ (2011) A review of numerical modeling of three-dimensional braided textile composites. Journal of Composite Materials45(23): 2415–2436.
5.
FangGLiangJLuQ (2011) Investigation on the compressive properties of the three dimensional four-directional braided composites. Composite Structures93(2): 392–405.
6.
GautamSSBabuRDixitPM (2011) Ductile fracture simulation in the taylor rod impact test using continuum damage mechanics. International Journal of Damage Mechanics20(3): 347–369.
7.
GautamSSDixitP (2012) Numerical simulation of ductile fracture in cylindrical tube impacted against a rigid surface. International Journal of Damage Mechanics21(3): 341–371.
8.
GuB (2005) A refined quasi-microstructure model for finite element analysis of three-dimensional braided composites under ballistic penetration. Journal of Composite Materials39(8): 685–710.
9.
GuB (2007) A microstructure model for finite-element simulation of 3D rectangular braided composite under ballistic penetration. Philosophical Magazine87(30): 4643–4669.
10.
GuBChangF-K (2007) Energy absorption features of 3-D braided rectangular composite under different strain rates compressive loading. Aerospace Science and Technology11(7–8): 535–545.
11.
Guo-dongFJunLYuW (2009) The effect of yarn distortion on the mechanical properties of 3D four-directional braided composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing40(4): 343–350.
12.
Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen, Inc. (2010) Abaqus theory manual. Version V610.
13.
HillR (1952) On discontinuous plastic states, with special reference to localized necking in thin sheets. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids1: 19–30.
HuangHWaasAM (2009) Compressive response of Z-pinned woven glass fiber textile composite laminates: Modeling and computations. Composites Science and Technology69(14): 2338–2344.
16.
HuangZM (2005) Efficient approach to the structure-property relationship of woven and braided fabric-reinforced composites up to failure. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites24(12): 1289–1309.
17.
JinLMHuHSunBZ (2010) A simplified microstructure model of bi-axial warp-knitted composite for ballistic impact simulation. Composites Part B-Engineering41(5): 337–353.
18.
KimKJYuW-RLeeJS (2010) Damage characterization of 3D braided composites using carbon nanotube-based in situ sensing. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing41(10): 1531–1537.
19.
LeiCCaiYJKoF (1992) Finite-element analysis of 3-D braided composites. Advances in Engineering Software14(3): 187–194.
20.
LiDsLiCLiJl (2010a) Microstructure and unit-cell geometry of four-step three-dimensional rectangular braided composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites29(22): 3353–3363.
21.
LiD-sLiJlChenL (2010b) Finite element analysis of mechanical properties of 3D four-directional rectangular braided composites part 1: Microgeometry and 3D finite element model. Applied Composite Materials17(4): 373–387.
22.
LiDSLuZXFangDN (2009) Longitudinal compressive behavior and failure mechanism of three-dimensional five-directional carbon/phenolic braided composites at high strain rates. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing526(1–2): 134–139.
23.
LiJCChenLZhangYF (2012) Microstructure and finite element analysis of 3D five-directional braided composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites31(2): 107–115.
24.
LomovSVIvanovDSVerpoestI (2008) Full-field strain measurements for validation of meso-FE analysis of textile composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing39(8): 1218–1231.
25.
MouritzaAPBannisterbMKFalzonbPJ (1999) Review of applications for advanced three-dimensional fibre textile composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing30(12): 1445–1461.
26.
PlaseiedAFatemiA (2007) Deformation response and constitutive modeling of vinyl ester polymer including strain rate and temperature effects. Journal of Materials Science43(4): 1191–1199.
27.
QuekSCWaasAMShahwanKW (2003) Compressive response and failure of braided textile composites: Part 1—Experiments. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics39(4): 635–648.
28.
ShokriehMMMazloomiMS (2012) A new analytical model for calculation of stiffness of three-dimensional four-directional braided composites. Composite Structures94(3): 1005–1015.
29.
SongSWaasAMShahwanKW (2007) Braided textile composites under compressive loads: Modeling the response, strength and degradation. Composites Science and Technology67(15–16): 3059–3070.
30.
SunBGuB (2006) High strain rate behavior of 4-step 3D braided composites under compressive failure. Journal of Materials Science42(7): 2463–2470.
31.
SunBGuB (2007) In-plane compressive behaviors of 3-D textile composites at various strain rates. Applied Composite Materials14(3): 193–207.
32.
SunBZLiuFGuBH (2005) Influence of the strain rate on the uniaxial tensile behavior of 4-step 3D braided composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing36(11): 1477–1485.
33.
TaoXBinYJieX (2006) Effect of strain rate on the compression behavior of vinyl ester resin casting. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica23(6): 46–46.
34.
WangBLFangGDLiangJ (2012) Failure locus of 3D four-directional braided composites under biaxial loading. Applied Composite Materials19(3–4): 529–544.
35.
XiaoXKiaHGGongX-J (2011) Strength prediction of a triaxially braided composite. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing42(8): 1000–1006.
36.
XuYJZhangWHDomaszewskiM (2011) Microstructure modelling and prediction of effective elastic properties of 3D multiphase and multilayer braided composite. Materials Science and Technology-London27(7): 1213–1221.
37.
ZhangCXuX (2013) Finite element analysis of 3D braided composites based on three unit-cells models. Composite Structures98: 130–142.
38.
Zhang F, Liu K, Wan Y, et al. (2014) Experimental and numerical analyses of the mechanical behaviors of three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites under compressive loadings with different strain rates. International Journal of Damage Mechanics 23(5): 636–660.
39.
ZhangYSunBZGuBH (2012) Experimental characterization of transverse impact behaviors of four-step 3-D rectangular braided composites. Journal of Composite Materials46(24): 3017–3029.
40.
ZhuLTSunBZHuH (2010) Constitutive equations of basalt filament tows under quasi-static and high strain rate tension. Materials Science and Engineering a–Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing527(13–14): 3245–3252.
