Modeling of Cleft Anomalies: Enabling Bench-to-Bedside Discovery and Innovation

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) represent a significant global health concern, being among the most prevalent congenital anomalies affecting neonates. This condition arises from the failure of fusion in embryonic development, leading to aesthetic, functional, and psychological challenges for affected individuals. By systematically reviewing existing literature, this work seeks to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different animal models, including mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, goats, and primates, each offering unique insights into the etiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic approaches for CLP. Furthermore, the study sheds light on innovative technologies such as three-dimensional printing and genetic editing, which hold promise for enhancing our understanding and treatment of this condition. Ultimately, the objective is to provide a comprehensive overview that not only clarifies the current state of animal modeling in CLP research but also sets the stage for future investigations. The study aims to delve into the most recent advancements in CLP research, particularly focusing on the effectiveness of various animal models utilized in this field.