Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Anomalies in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the diversity and incidence of gastrointestinal anomalies (GIAs) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and evaluate their effects on cleft care and surgical outcomes.

Design

A retrospective observational study analyzing demographic and perioperative data from CLP patients treated at a cleft center.

Setting

A high-volume cleft center providing multidisciplinary care for CLP patients.

Patients, Participants

A total of 2879 CLP patients were included. Data included gender, cleft type, syndromic status, timing and duration of surgery, hospitalization period, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients with growth or swallowing dysfunction and gastrointestinal issues underwent pediatric surgical evaluation.

Interventions

Comprehensive assessment and management of CLP, including surgical repair and evaluation for systemic anomalies.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Incidence of GIAs, association of GIAs with cleft types, and their impact on surgical outcomes, including ICU admission and perioperative complications.

Results

Among the 2879 patients, 36 (1.3%) had GIAs. Patients with isolated cleft palate exhibited a significantly higher frequency of GIAs (p = .036). ICU admission rates were notably elevated in the GIA group compared to those without GIAs (p < .001).

Conclusions

Although GIAs are uncommon in CLP patients, their presence significantly impacts nutrition, development, and surgical outcomes. Systematic evaluation for systemic anomalies, including GIAs, is essential for optimizing cleft care and improving long-term outcomes.