Can MRI Replace Nasopharyngoscopy in the Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency?

Abstract

Objective

To investigate whether flexible nasopharyngoscopy, when performed in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), influences the type of surgery selected or success of surgery in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

A metropolitan children's hospital.

Patients

Patients with non-syndromic, repaired cleft palate presenting for management of VPI.

Interventions

MRI and nasopharyngoscopy or MRI alone for preoperative imaging of the velopharyngeal mechanism.

Main Outcome Measures

(1) Surgical selection and (2) resolution of hypernasality. All speech, MRI, and nasopharyngoscopy measurements were performed by raters blinded to patients’ medical and surgical history.

Results

Of the 25 patients referred for nasopharyngoscopy, 76% completed the exam. Of the 41 patients referred for MRI, the scan was successfully completed by 98% of patients. Completion of nasopharyngoscopy was significantly (p=0.01) lower than MRI. Surgical selection did not significantly differ (p=0.73) between the group receiving MRI and nasopharyngoscopy and the group receiving MRI alone, nor was there a significant difference between these groups in the proportion of patients achieving resolution of hypernasality postoperatively (p=0.63). Percent total velopharyngeal closure assessments on nasopharyngoscopy and MRI were strongly correlated (r=0.73).

Conclusions

In patients receiving MRI as part of their preoperative VPI evaluation, the addition of nasopharyngoscopy did not result in a difference in surgical selection or resolution of hypernasality. Routine inclusion of nasopharyngoscopy may not be necessary for the evaluation of velopharyngeal anatomy when MRI is available.