Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital abnormalities in the development of the lymphatic system. They can damage other structures including the airway, blood vessels, nerves, or bones. LMs of the face can result in malocclusion, and many patients with LMs of the face require orthognathic surgery to correct the malocclusion. Surgery-first is a treatment modality which should be considered for individuals with LMs and is a protocol in which orthognathic surgery is performed prior to orthodontic treatment. This case report describes surgery-first and subsequent orthodontic treatment in a patient with a class III malocclusion due to a large facial LM.
DevagiriV. Analysis of malocclusion among 8-14 years old school children: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. 2018;6(1):23‐26.
2.
LeckRPaulNRollandSBirnieD. The consequences of living with a severe malocclusion: A review of the literature. J Orthod.2022 Jun;49(2):228‐239.
3.
LeeSMcGrathCSammanN. Quality of life in patients with dentofacial deformity: A comparison of measurement approaches. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2007 Jun 1;36(6):488‐492.
4.
FrejmanMWVargasIARösingCKClossLQ. Dentofacial deformities are associated with lower degrees of self-esteem and higher impact on oral health-related quality of life: Results from an observational study involving adults. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2013 Apr 1;71(4):763‐767.
5.
HassanAHAminHE. Association of orthodontic treatment needs and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2010 Jan 1;137(1):42‐47.
6.
LiouEJChenPHWangYCYuCCHuangCSChenYR. Surgery-first accelerated orthognathic surgery: Orthodontic guidelines and setup for model surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2011 Mar 1;69(3):771‐780.
7.
PeloSGaspariniGGaragiolaU, et al.Surgery-first orthognathic approach vs traditional orthognathic approach: Oral health-related quality of life assessed with 2 questionnaires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2017 Aug 1;152(2):250‐254.
8.
PerkinsJA. New frontiers in our understanding of lymphatic malformations of the head and neck: Natural history and basic research. Otolaryngol Clin North Am.2018 Feb 1;51(1):147‐158.
9.
AdamsDMullikenJAzizkhanR, et al.Panel discussion on a consensus for lymphatic anomalies. International society for the study of vascular anomalies; Poster presentation at International Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies. 2012.
10.
GarzonMCEnjolrasOFriedenIJ. Vascular tumors and vascular malformations: Evidence for an association. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42(2 Pt 1):275‐279.
11.
ColbertSDSeagerLHaiderFEvansBTAnandRBrennanPA. Lymphatic malformations of the head and neck—current concepts in management. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013 Mar 1;51(2):98‐102.
GreeneAKPerlynCAAlomariAI. Management of lymphatic malformations. Clin Plast Surg.2011 Jan 1;38(1):75‐82.
14.
YoungAE. Pathogenesis of vascular malformations. In: MullikenJBYoungAE, eds. Vascular birthmarks: hemangiomas and malformations. Saunders; 1988:107‐113.
15.
ElluruRGBalakrishnanKPaduaHM. Lymphatic malformations: Diagnosis and management. Semin Pediatr Surg.2014 Aug 1;23(4):178‐185. WB Saunders.
16.
MullikenJBGlowackiJ. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: A classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;69(3):412‐422.
17.
FinnMCGlowackiJMullikenJB. Congenital vascular lesions: Clinical application of a new classification. J Pediatr Surg. 1983;18(6):894‐900.
18.
de SerresLMSieKCRichardsonMA. Lymphatic malformations of the head and neck. A proposal for staging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121(5):577‐582.
19.
VlahovicAMHaxhijaEQ. Lymphatic malformation. In: Pediatric and adolescent plastic surgery for the clinician. Springer; 2017:191‐204.
20.
SmeltzerDMSticklerGBSchirgerA. Primary lymphedema in children and adolescents: A follow-up study and review. Pediatrics. 1985;76(2):206‐218.
21.
LimayeNBoonLMVikkulaM. From germline towards somatic mutations in the pathophysiology of vascular anomalies. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18(R1):65‐75.
22.
WiggsWJJrSismanisA. Cystic hygroma in the adult: Two case reports. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994 Feb;110(2):239-241.
23.
AneeshkumarMKKaleSKabbaniMDavidVC. Cystic lymphangioma in adults: Can trauma be the trigger. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;262 (4):335‐337.
24.
CurranAJMalikNMcShaneDTimonCV. Surgical management of lymphangiomas in adults. J Laryngol Otol. 1996;110(6):586‐589.
25.
PadwaBLHaywardPGFerraroNF, et al.Cervicofacial lymphatic malformation: Clinical course, surgical intervention, and pathogenesis of skeletal hypertrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;95(6):951‐960.
26.
EdwardsPDRahbarRFerraroNF, et al.Lymphatic malformation of the lingual base and oral floor. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(7):1906‐1915.
27.
SoukiBQFigueiredoDSde Abreu LimaILOliveiraDDMiguelJA. Two-phase orthodontic treatment of a complex malocclusion: Giving up efficiency in favor of effectiveness, quality of life, and functional rehabilitation?Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2013 Apr 1;143(4):547‐558.
28.
ChungCJHwangSChoiYJKimKH. Treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion with lymphangioma of the tongue. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2012 May 1;141(5):627‐640.
29.
MarshallDRabuzziDD. Cystic lymphangioma with enlarged tongue: A case report. Am J Orthod.1977 Jun 1;71(6):685‐688.
30.
WiegandSEivaziBZimmermannAP, et al.Microcystic lymphatic malformations of the tongue: Diagnosis, classification, and treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135(10):976‐983.
31.
ChoiDJAlomariAIChaudryG, et al.Neurointerventional management of low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2009;19(2):199‐218.
32.
KennedyTL. Cystic hygroma-lymphangioma: A rare and still unclear entity. Laryngoscope. 1989(S1);99:1‐10.
33.
BleiF. Congenital lymphatic malformations. Ann N Y Acad Sci.2008 May;1131(1):185‐194.
34.
ManningSCPerkinsJ. Lymphatic malformations. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2013 Dec 1;21(6):571‐575.
35.
MeirellesDPdo CoutoAMSilvaLV, et al.Oral lymphatic malformations: A multicenter study of 208 cases and literature review. Head Neck.2021 Nov;43(11):3562‐3571.
36.
PrabhakarCShahNKGiraddiG. Lymphatic malformations: A dilemma in diagnosis and management. Contemp Clin Dent.2014 Jan;5(1):119.
37.
Peiro-GuijarroMAGuijarro-MartinezRHernandez-AlfaroF. Surgery first in orthognathic surgery: A systematic review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2016 Apr 1;149(4):448‐462.
38.
UribeFAgarwalSShaferDNandaR. Increasing orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment efficiency with a modified surgery-first approach. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2015 Nov 1;148(5):838‐848.
39.
VillegasCUribeFSugawaraJNandaR. Expedited correction of significant dentofacial asymmetry using a “surgery first” approach. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:97‐103.
TammataratarnPChenMCLinCHKoEW. Sequential digital occlusal analysis in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with orthognathic surgery: Surgery-first vs orthodontic-first approach. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2010 Feb 1;44(2):97-103.
42.
KoEWLinSCChenYRHuangCS. Skeletal and dental variables related to the stability of orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion with a surgery-first approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2013 May 1;71(5):e215‐e223.
43.
LiouEJChenPHWangYCYuCCHuangCSChenYR. Surgery-first accelerated orthognathic surgery: Orthodontic guidelines and setup for model surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2011 Mar 1;69(3):771‐780.
