Why Do Only 15% of Adolescents in the US With a Cleft Jaw Deformity Undergo Reconstruction?

Allareddy V . Orthognathic surgeries in patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies: profile and hospitalization outcomes. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2015:52(6):698–705.

American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Parameters for evaluation and treatment of patients with cleft lip/palate or other craniofacial differences. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017;55(1):137–156.

Baldwin Introduces Bipartisan Reform to Ensure Coverage for Children Born with Congenital Anomalies or Birth Defects. U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin. 2019. Accessed September 3, 2020. https://www.baldwin.senate.gov/press-releases/ensuring-lasting-smiles-act-2019

Births and Natality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. Accessed September 3, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm

Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Medicaid. 2018. Accessed September 3, 2020. https://www.medicaid.gov/chip/index.html

Cooper DC Peterson EC Grellner CG . Cleft and craniofacial multidisciplinary team clinic: a look at attrition rates for patients with complete cleft lip and palate and nonsyndromic single-suture craniosynostosis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2019;56(10):1287–1294.

Daskalogiannakis J Mehta M . The need for orthognathic surgery in patients with repaired complete unilateral and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2009;46(5):498–502.

Dixon MJ Marazita ML Beaty TH Murray JC . Cleft lip and palate: synthesizing genetic and environmental influences. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12(3):167–178.

Good PM Mulliken JB Padwa BL . Frequency of Le Fort I osteotomy after repaired cleft lip and palate or cleft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007;44(4):396–401.

Kübler-Ross E . On Death and Dying. Macmillan Publishing Company; 1969.

Kübler-Ross E Kessler D . On Grief & Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss. New York: Scribner; 2014.

Mars M Houston WJB . A preliminary study of facial growth and morphology in unoperated male unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects over 13 years of age. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1990:27(1):7–10.

Obwegeser HL. Surgery as an adjunct to orthodontics in normal and cleft palate patients. Report of the congress. Eur Orthod Soc. 1967:42:343–353.

Obwegeser HL . Surgical correction of deformities of the jaws in adult cleft cases. Paper read at: the First International Conference on Cleft Lip and Palate. April 1969; Houston, TX.

Posnick JC. Orthognathic surgery in the cleft patient. Instructional Courses, The Plastic Surgery Education Foundation. CV Mosby Co;1991;4:129–157.

Posnick JC Kinard BE . Challenges in the successful reconstruction of cleft lip and palate: managing the naso-maxillary deformity in adolescence. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145(3):591e–603e.

Posnick JC Susarla SM Kinard BE . The effect of orthognathic and nasal reconstruction on perceived social traits. PRS Glob Open. 2019;7(10):e2422.

Posnick JC Tompson B . Cleft-orthognathic surgery: complications and long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96(2):255–266.

Semb G Brattström V Mølsted K Prahl-Andersen B Zuurbier P Rumsey N Shaw WC . The Eurocleft Study: intercenter study of treatment outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Part 4: relationship among treatment outcome, patient/parent satisfaction, and the burden of care. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005:42(1):83–92.

Shaw WC Brattström V Mølsted K Prahl-Andersen B Semb G . The Eurocleft study: intercenter study of treatment outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Part 5: discussion and conclusions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42(1):93–98.

Susarla SM Ettinger R Preston K Kapadia H Egbert MA . Technical modifications specific to the cleft Le Fort I osteotomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31(5):1459–1463. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000006456

US Census Bureau. Health Insurance Historical Tables—HIC Series. The United States Census Bureau. 2019. Accessed September 3, 2020. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/health-insurance/historical-series/hic.html

Venugoplan SR Nanda V Turkistani K Desai S Allareddy V . Discharge patterns of orthognathic surgeries in the United States. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(1):e77–e86.