Use of Multiple-Choice Questions in Nursing Research

Adams D.R. Kern D.W. et al . (2017). Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts Subsequent Dementia in Older U.S. Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66, 140-144.

Barzun J. (1988, October 11). Multiple choice flunks out. OpEd in New York Times.

Davidson C. N. (2011). Where did standardized testing come from anyway? Chapter 4 in Cathy N. Davidson, Now you see it: How the brain science of attention will transform the way we live, work, and learn. New York: Viking Penguin Press.

Dehnad A. Nasser H. Hosseini A. F. (2014). A comparison between three-and four-option multiple choice questions. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 398-403.

Delgado A. R. Prieto G. (1998). Further evidence favoring three-option items in multiple-choice tests. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 14, 197-201.

Gudziol V. Hummel T. (2009). The influence of distractors on odor identification. Archives of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, 135, 143-145.

Hoffmann B. (1962). The Tyranny of Testing. Mineola, NY: Dover.

Likert R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22, 5-55.

Mueller C. A. Grassinger E. Naka A. Temmel A. F. Hummel T. Kobal G. (2006). A self-administered odor identification test procedure using the “Sniffin’ Sticks.” Chemical Senses, 31, 595-598.

Owen D. (1983, May). The last days of ETS. Harper’s Magazine, pp. 21-37.

Rodriguez M. C. (2005). Three options are optimal for multiple-choice items: A meta-analysis of 80 years of research. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 24, 3-13.

Ruch G. M. Stoddard G. D. (1925). Comparative reliabilities of five types of objective examinations. The Journal of Educational Psychology, 16, 89-103.

Veloski J. J. Rabinowitz H. K. Robeson M. R. Young P. R. (1999). Patients don’t present with five choices: An alternative to multiple-choice tests in assessing physicians’ competence. Academic Medicine, 74, 539-546.

White P. D. Goldsmith K. A. Johnson A. L. Potts L. Walwyn R. DeCesare J. C. . . . Sharpe M. (2011, March 5). Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): A randomised trial. The Lancet, 377, 823-836.

Yerkes R. M. (Ed.) (1921) Psychological examining in the United States Army. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 15, 1-890.