Many women feel anxiety about gynecological examination. The purpose of this semi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of a special examination gown and nature-based sounds on anxiety in women undergoing a gynecological examination. This study was conducted with three experimental groups and one control group. The randomized sampling method was used. The sample size was determined as 30 women for each group. Data were collected over 4 months from February 2015 to May 2015. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Status Anxiety Inventory Form (STAI, A-State). The STAI (A-State) score after the gynecological examination was quite low in the women in the experimental groups in comparison with the women in the control group (F = 3.672, p = .001). It is remarkable that the anxiety levels of the women in the special examination gown + nature-based sounds group were especially lower than the women in the control group.
AghaieB.RejehN.Heravi-KarimooiM.EbadiA.MoradianS. T.VaismoradiM.JasperM. (2014). Effect of nature-based sound therapy on agitation and anxiety in coronary artery bypass graft patients during the weaning of mechanical ventilation: A randomised clinical trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51, 526-538.
2.
AksakalO. (2001). Distress subjects accompanying gynecologic examination and the benefits of ınforming the patients about these. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History, 9, 102-106.
3.
AltayB.KefeliB. (2012). The effect of some variables to the level of anxiety of women who came for gynecological examination. Dokuz Eylul University School of Nursing Electronic Journal, 5, 134-141. Retrieved from http://Www.Journalagent.Com/Deutip
4.
AngioliR.CiccoNardoneC. D.PlottiF.CafaE. V.DugoN.DamianiP.. . . TerranovaC. (2014). Use of music to reduce anxiety during office hysteroscopy: A prospective randomized trial. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 21, 454-459.
5.
BaberJ. A.DaviesS. C.DayanL. S. (2007). An extra pair, of eyes: Do patients want a chaperone when having an anogenital examination?Sexual Health, 4, 89-93.
6.
BatesC. K.CarrollN.PotterJ. (2011). The challenging pelvic examination. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26, 651-657.
7.
BekmezciH.ÖzkanH. (2015). The importance of privacy in midwifery practices. Journal of health science and profession, 2, 113-124.
8.
BourneP. A.CharlesC. A. D.FrancisC. G.South-BourneN.PetersR. (2010). Perception, attitude and practices of women towards pelvic examination and pap-smear in Jamaica. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2, 478-486.
9.
DemirS.Oskay YeşiltepeU. (2014). Women’s experiences of gynecological examinations and their expectations from healthcare professionals. Journal of Women’s Health Nursing, Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1, 68-79.
10.
DemirayA.KorhanE. A.ÇevikK.KhorshidL.YücebilginM. S. (2014). Comparison of the state anxiety related to gynecological examination in patients attended in public and private institution. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 1, 122-129.
11.
DietteG. B.LechtzinN.HaponikE.DevrotesA.RubinH. R. (2003). Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: A complementary approach to routine analgesia. Chest, 123, 941-948.
12.
ErbilN.ŞenkulA.SağlamY.ErgülN. (2008). Determination of attitudes with gynecologic examination and anxiety of Turkish women before gynecologic examination. International Journal of Human Sciences, 5, 1-13.
13.
GözümS.KüçükodacıB.AkçayD.GünI. (2007). The effect of different examination covers used during gynecological examination on the anxiety level of women and their evaluation. Paper presented at Fifth Congress for International and Reproductive Health and Family Planning, April 19-22, Ankara, Turkey.
14.
GrundströmH.WallinK.BerteröC. (2011). You expose yourself in so many ways: Young women’s experiences of pelvic examination. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 32, 59-64.
15.
Hansen-KetchumP. A.HalpennyE. A. (2011). Engaging with nature to promote health: Bridging research silos to examine the evidence. Health Promotion International, 26, 100-108.
16.
HennigenL.KollarL. M.RosenthalS. L. (2000). Methods for managing pelvic examination anxiety: Individual differences and relaxation techniques. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 14, 9-12.
17.
HuberJ. D.PukallC. F.BoyerS. C.ReissingE. D.ChamberlainS. M. (2009). Just relax: Physicians’ experiences with women who are difficult or impossible to examine gynecologically. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6, 791-799.
18.
InaamH. E.NeveinM. H. (2012). Assessment of knowledge and attitude for newly married toward their first gynecological examination procedures in Al-Jouf City during 2011. The Journal of American Science, 8, 1280-1291.
19.
KalaivaniS. (2014). Effectiveness of music therapy on stress among pregnant mothers. Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Innovation, 1, 25-31.
20.
KaramızrakN. (2014). Healing effects of sound and music on the organs. Koşuyolu Heart Journal, 17, 54-57.
21.
KartalB.KızılırmakA.IşıkçıH.AkçayL.AyA. (2013). The anxiety levels of women prior to the application of intrauterine devices. Journal of Continuing Medical Education, 22, 8-13.
22.
KocabaşP.KhorshidL. (2011). A comparison of the effect of a special gyneacological garment and music in reducing the anxiety related to gyneacological examination. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 791-799.
23.
LabragueL. J.McEnroe-PetitteD. M. (2016). Influence of music on preoperative anxiety and physiologic parameters in women undergoing gynecologic surgery. Clinical Nursing Research, 25, 157-173.
24.
LıuY. H.ChangM. Y.ChenC. H. (2010). Effects of music therapy on labour pain and anxiety in Taiwanese first-time mothers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 1065-1072.
25.
MallerC.TownsendM.PryorA.BrownP.St LegerL. (2006). Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations. Health Promotion International, 21, 45-55.
26.
MeteS. (1998). The effects of nursing approach to the alleriatation anxiety of the women coming the gynecologic examination. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 2, 1-7.
27.
MoettusA.SklarD.TanbergD. (1999). The effect of physician gender of women’s perceived pain and embarrassment during pelvic examination. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17, 635-637.
28.
MoritaE.ImaiM.OkawaM.MiyauraT.MiyazakiS. (2011). A before and after comparison of the effects of forest walking on the sleep of a community-based sample of people with sleep complaints. Biopsychosocial Medicine, 5, Article 13.
29.
NayakD.RastogiS.KathuriaO. K. (2014). Effectiveness of music therapy on anxiety level and pain perception in primipara mothers during first stage of labor in selected hospitals of Odisha. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2, 7-14.
OujU.IgberaseG. O.EzeJ. N.EjikemeB. N. (2011). Perception of intimate pelvic examination by gynaecological clinic attendees in rural Southeast Nigeria. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 284, 637-642.
32.
PadillaL. A.RadosevichD. M.MiladM. P. (2005). Limitations of the pelvic examination for evaluation of the female pelvic organs. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 88, 84-88.
33.
PhumdoungS.YoungvanichsateS. (2009). Women’s experiences of receiving a vaginal examination during labor. Songklanagarind Medical Journal, 27, 465-470.
34.
RizkD. E.El-ZubeirM. A.Al-DhaheriA. M.Al-MansouriF. R.Al-JenaibiH. S. (2005). Determinants of women’s choice of their obstetrician and gynecologist provider in the UAE. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 84, 48-53.
35.
SaadatmandV.RejehN.Heravi-KarimooiM.TadrisiS. D.ZayeriF.VaismoradiM.JasperM. (2013). Effect of nature-based sounds’ intervention on agitation, anxiety, and stress in patients under mechanical ventilator support: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50, 895-904.
36.
SantenS. A.SethN.HemphillR. R.WrennK. D. (2008). Chaperones for rectal and genital examinations in the emergency department: What do patients and physicians want?South African Medical Journal, 101, 9-10.
37.
SarpkayaD.VuralG. (2014). The use of the way of knowing four in gynaecological examination in nursing. Dokuz Eylul University School of Nursing Electronic Journal, 7, 124-127.
38.
ShinS. H.KimJ. H. (2011). Music therapy on anxiety, stress and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during transvaginal ultrasound. Asian Nursing Research, 5, 19-27.
39.
SimavliS.KaygusuzI.GumusI.UsluogullarıB.YildirimM.KafaliH. (2014). Effect of music therapy during vaginal delivery on postpartum pain relief and mental health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156, 194-199.
40.
SpielbergerC. D.GorsuchR. L.LusheneR. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
41.
TaşkınL. (2012). Gynecology diagnosis, treatment and care. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği (12th ed.). Ankara, Turkey: Sistem Ofset Matbacılık.
42.
TugutN.GölbaşıZ. (2014). Aspects of emotional and physical discomfort in gynecologic examination: A study of Turkish women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 40, 1777-1784.
43.
UyarM.KorhanE. A. (2011). The effect of music therapy on pain and anxiety in intensive care patients. Pain, 23, 139-146.
44.
WilliamsJ. G.ParkL.KlineJ. (1994). Physicians’attitudes toward a new gynecological examination gown. Women Health, 22, 1-9.
