No longer considered an experimental procedure, cochlear implantation in young children with profound hearing loss has become almost commonplace. This paper reviews the efficacy of cochlear implantation in children with prelingual deafness. First, a brief introduction to cochlear implants is provided. Second, research regarding the effects of cochlear implantation in children with prelingual deafness on speech perception, speech production, and language development is reviewed. Finally, implications for early childhood educators are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Balkany, T. (1993). A brief perspective on cochlear implants. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 281—282.
2.
Bonn, D. (1998). Tune in early for best results with a cochlear implant. Lancet, 352, 1836.
3.
Carney, A.E., Osberger, M.J., Carney, E., Robbins, A.M., Renshaw, J., & Miyamoto, R.J. (1993). A comparison of speech discrimination with cochlear implants and tactile aids. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 2096— 2049.
4.
Clark, G.M., Cowen, R.S., & Dowell, R.C. (1997). Cochlear implantation for infants and children . San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing .
5.
Engen, E., & Engen, T. (1983). Rhode Island Test of Language Structure. Baltimore: University Park.
6.
Ertmer, D.J., Kirk, K.I., Sehgal, S.T., Riley, A.I., & Osberger, M.J. , (1997). A comparison of vowel production by children with multichannel cochlear implants or tactile aids . Ear and Hearing, 18, 307—315.
7.
Estabrooks, W. (1994). Auditory Verbal Therapy for Parents and Professionals . Washington, DC: AlexanderGrahamBell Association for the Deaf.
8.
Estabrooks, W. (1998). Cochlear implants for kids. Washington, DC: AlexanderGrahamBell Association for the Deaf.
9.
Geers, A.E. (1997). Comparing implants with hearing aids in profoundly deaf children. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 117, 150— 154.
10.
Geers, A.E., & Moog, J.S. (1994). Spoken language results: Vocabulary syntax, and communication. Volta Review, 96. 131—148.
11.
Geers, A.E., & Tobey, E.A. (1995) Longitudinal comparison of the benefits of cochlear implants and tactile aids in a controlled education setting. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, andLaryngology, 166 (Suppl.), 328—329.
12.
Hart, B., & Risly, T.R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
13.
Hasenstab, M.S., & Tobey, E.A. (1991). Language development in children receiving Nucleaus multichannel cochlear implant. Ear and Hearing, 12, 55—65.
14.
Henderson, D., Salvi, R.J., Boettcher, F.A., and Clock, A.E. (1994). Neurophysiology correlates of sensory-neural hearing loss. In J. Katz (Ed.) Handbook of clinical audiology (4th ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkens.
15.
Lane, H., & Bahan, B. (1998). Ethics of cochlear implantation in young children: A review and reply from a Deaf-World perspective. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 119, 297— 308.
16.
Meyer, T.A., Svirsky, M.A., Kirk, K.I., Miyamoto, R.T. (1998). Improvements in speech perception by children with profound prelingual hearing loss. Effects of device communication mode and chronological age. Journal of Speech, Hearing, and Language Research, 41, 846—855.
Miyamoto, R.T., Robbins, A.M., Osberger, M.J., Riley, A.I., & Kirk, K.I. (1995). Comparison of multichannel tactile aids and multichannel cochlear implants in children with profound hearing impairments. American Journal of Otology, 16, 8—13.
21.
Miyamoto, R.T., Svirsky, M.A., Kirk, K.I., Robbins, A.M., Todd, S., & Riley, A. (1997). Speech intelligibility of children with multichannel cochlear implants. American Journal of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, 106, 35—36.
22.
Miyamoto, R.T., Svirsky, M.A., & Robbins, A.M. (1997). Enhancement of expressive language in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Acta Otolaryngology , 117, 154—157.
23.
Nevins, M.E., & Chute, P.M. (1995). Success of children with cochlear implants in mainstream educational settings. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, andLaryngology, 166 (Suppl.), 100— 102.
24.
Nevins, M.E., & Chute, P.M. (1996). Children with cochlear implants in educational settings. London: Singular Publishing .
25.
Osberger, M.J., Fisher, L., Zimmerman-Phillips, S., Geier, L., & Barker, M.J. (1998). Speech recognition performance of older children with cochlear implants. The American Journal of Otology, 19, 152—157.
26.
Osberger, M.J., Maso, M., & Sam, L.K. (1993). Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants, tactile aids, or hearing aids. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 186—203.
27.
Radcliffe, D. (1999). As implant technology advances, number of potential candidates grows. The Hearing Journal, 52(5), 23—31.
28.
Robbins, A.M. (1998a, April). Two paths of auditory development for children with cochlear implants. Loud and Clear, 1(1), 1—4.
29.
Robbins, A.M. (1998b, June). Two paths of auditory development for children with cochlear implants. Loud and Clear, 1(2), 1—4.
30.
Robbins, A.M., Kirk, K.I., Osberger, M.J., & Ertmer, D. (1995). Speech intelligibility of implanted children. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, andLaryngology, 166 (Suppl.), 399—401.
31.
Scarborough, H.S. (1990). Index of Productive Syntax. Applied Psycholinguistics, 11, 1—22.
32.
Spencer, L.J., Tye-Murray, N., & Tomblin, J.B. (1998). The production of English inflectional morphology, speech production and listening performance in children with cochlear implants . Ear and Hearing, 19, 310—308.
33.
Strojny, L., Harrison, J., & Zimmerman-Phillips, S. (1998). Making the Connection: The school, implant center, and family. Loud and Clear, 1(3), 1—4.
34.
Svirsky, M.A., & Meyer, T.A. (1999). Comparison of speech perception in pediatric Clarion cochlear implant and hearing aid users. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, andLaryngology, 177 (Suppl.), 104—109.
35.
Tomblin, B.J., Spencer, L., Flock, S., Tyler, R., & Gantz, B. (1999). A comparison of language achievement in children with cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 497—511.
36.
Tye-Murray, N., Spencer, L., & Woodworth, G.G. (1995). Acquisition of speech by children who have prolonged cochlear implant experience. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 327—337.
37.
Vermeulen, A.M., Beijk, C.M., Brokx, J.P., van den Borne, S., & van den Broek, P. (1995). Development of speech perception abilities of profoundly deaf children: A comparison between children with cochlear implants and those with conventional hearing aids. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, andLaryngology, 166 (Suppl.), 215—217.
38.
Yoder, P.J., & Warren, S.F. (1998). Maternal responsivity predicts the prelinguistic communication intervention that facilitates generalized intentional communication . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 41, 1207—1219.
