How does pes planus affect jumping performance and balance ability?

Abstract

Background

Pes planus is characterized by the flattening of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, which can alter the biomechanics of the lower extremities and affect overall athletic performance. This randomized double-blinded controlled study was designed to investigate the effects of pes planus on jumping and balance performance.

Methods

One hundred thirty-one participants were assigned to the pes planus group (n = 66) and the control group (n = 65). Foot posture index (FPI) was used to determine pes planus. The vertical jump was measured by the VertiMetric device; horizontal jump performance by using the single leg hop test. Y Balance Test (YBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance. The Mann-Whitney U test has been used for comparison of the groups and the alpha level is set at 0.05.

Results

Vertical jump results of the pes planus group have been found statistically lower compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the horizontal jump and YBT measurements between groups (p > 0.05). A weak negative correlation was found between the vertical jump distance and FPI scores (p < 0.05). There was a significant weak positive relationship between the FPI scores and anterior parameter of YBT in both sides (p < 0.05) and there were no statistically significant correlations between the posteromedial and posterolateral parameters in both sides (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Pes planus is associated with the only anterior reach of YBT, and vertical jumping performance; therefore, it is recommended to include strengthening and correction exercises for pes planus to improve vertical jumping performance and reduce risk of injuries.