Informal Assessment of Paragraph Composition

Barenbaum, E. , Newcomer, P. , & Nodine, B. (1987). Children's ability to write stones as a function of variation in task, age and developmental level. Learning Disability Quarterly, 10, 175–188.

Billingsley, B.S. (1988). Writing: Teaching assessing skills. Academic Therapy, 24(1), 27–35.

Donald, R.B. , Moore, J.D. , Morrow, B.R. , Wargetz, L.G. , & Werner, K. (1978). Writing clear paragraphs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Englert, C.S. & Thomas, C.C. (1987). Sensitivity to text structure in reading and writing: A comparison of learning disabled and non-learning disabled students. Learning Disability Quarterly, 10, 93–105.

Faigley, L. , Cherry, R.D. , Jolliffe, D.A. , & Skinner, A.M. (1985). Assessing writers' knowledge and processes of composing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Gearheart, B.R. & Gearheart, C.J. (1989). Learning disabilities: educational strategies. Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Graham, S. (1982). Composition research and practice: A unified approach. Focus on Exceptional Children, 14(8), 1–16.

Graham, S. & Harris, K.R. (1988). Instructional recommendations for teaching writing to exceptional students. Exceptional Children, 54, 506–513.

Hillocks, G. (1984). What works in teaching composition: A meta-analysis of experimental treatments. American Journal of Education, 93, 133–170.

Houck, C.K. & Billingsley, B.S. (1989). Written expression of students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 561–567; 572.

Isaacson, S. (1988). Assessing the writing product: Qualitative and quantitative measures. Exceptional Children, 54, 528–535.

Kirk, S.A. & Chalfant, J.C. (1984). Academic and developmental learning disabilities. Denver: Love.

Lynch, E.M. & Jones, S.D. (1989). Process and product: A review of the research on LD children's writing skills. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12, 74–86.

McLoughlin, J.A. & Lewis, R.B. (1981). Assessing special students: Strategies and procedures. Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Mercer, C.D. & Mercer, A.R. (1985). Teaching students with learning problems (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Mills, H. (1977). Commanding paragraphs. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

Minner, S. , Prater, G. , Sullavan, C. , & Gwaltney, W. (1989). Informal assessment of written expression. Teaching Exceptional Children, 21(2), 76–79.

Moran, M. , Schumaker, J. , & Vetter, A. (1981). Teaching a paragraph organization strategy to learning disabled adolescents (Research Rep. No. 54). Lawrence: University of Kansas, Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities.

Paris, S.G. & Oka, E.R. (1989). Strategies for comprehending text and coping with reading difficulties. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12, 32–42.

Polloway, E.A. , Patton, J.R. , Payne, J.S. , & Payne, R.A. (1989). Strategies for teaching learners with special needs (4th ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Smith, M.W. (1984). Reducing writing apprehension. Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills.

Vacc, N.N. (1989). Writing evaluation: Examining four teachers' holistic and analytic scores. Elementary School Journal, 90(1), 87–95.

Welch, M. (in press). The P.L.E.A.S.E. Strategy: A metacognitive learning strategy to improve the paragraph writing of students with mild learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly.

Welch, M. & Jensen, J. (1991). Write, P.L.E.A.S.E.: A video-assisted strategic intervention to improve written expression. Remedial and Special Education, 12(1), 37–47.