“Sight” Words and the Disabled Reader

1. Dolores Durkin , Teaching Young Children to Read (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1972): 248.

2. Frank Smith , Understanding Reading (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971): 125.

3. Guy T. Buswell , Fundamental Reading Habits: A Study of their Development, Supplementary Education Monographs No. 21 (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1922).

4. Arthur I. Gates and Eloise Boeker , “A Study of Initial Stages in Reading by Pre-School Children,” Teachers College Record 24 (1923): 469–477; Lois H. Meek, A Study of Learning and Retention in Young Children, Teachers College Contributions to Education, No. 164 (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1925).

5. Nila B. Smith , “Matching Ability as a Factor in First Grade Reading,” Journal of Educational Psychology 19 (1928): 560–571.

6. Mary B. Hill , “A Study of Word Discrimination in Individuals Learning to Read,” Journal of Educational Research 29 (1936): 487–500.

7. Frank T. Wilson and Cecile W. Fleming , “Letter Consciousness of Beginners in Reading,” Journal of Genetic Psychology 53 (1938): 273–285.

8. Arthur V. Olson , “Growth in Word Perception Abilities as It Relates to Success in Beginning Reading,” Journal of Education 140 (1958): 25–36.

9. Hunter Diack , Reading and the Psychology of Perception (New York: Philosophical Library, 1960): 140.

10. Will E. Wiley , “Difficult Words and the Beginner,” Journal of Educational Research 17 (1928): 278–289; Gates and Boeker, op. cit.; Hill, op. cit.

11. Siegmar Muehl , “The Effects of Visual Discrimination Pretraining with Word and Letter Stimuli on Learning to Read a Word List in Kindergarten Children,” Journal of Educational Psychology 52 (1961): 215–221.

12. Ethel M. King , “Effects of Different Kinds of Visual Discrimination Training on Learning to Read Words,” Journal of Educational Psychology 58 (1964): 325–333.

13. Helen A. Murphy , “Growth in Perception of Word Elements in Three Types of Beginning Reading Instruction,” Reading Teacher 19 (1966): 585–589.

14. David Elkind , John Horn , and Gerrie Schneider , “Modified Word Recognition, Reading Achievement and Perceptual De-Centration,” Journal of Genetic Psychology 107 (1965): 235–251.

15. S. J. Samuels and W. E. Jeffrey , “Discriminability of Words and Letter Cues Used in Learning to Read,” Journal of Educational Psychology 57 (1966): 337–340.

16. Joseph C. Galocy , “The Effects of Pretraining in Transfer and Letter Naming on the Rate Children Learn,” Dissertation Abstracts International 30 (1970): 5339A–5340A.

17. Gabrielle Marchbanks and Harry Levin , “Cues by Which Children Recognize Words,” Journal of Educational Psychology 56 (1965): 57–61.

18. Joanna P. Williams , Ellen L. Blumberg , and David V. Williams , “Clues Used in Visual Word Recognition,” Journal of Educational Psychology 61 (1970): 310–315.

19. Harry G. Timko , “Configuration as a Cue in the Word Recognition of Beginning Readers,” Journal of Experimental Education 39 (1970): 68–69; Calvin F. Nodine and James V. Hardt, “Role of Letter-Position Cues in Learning to Read Words,” Journal of Educational Psychology 61 (1970): 10–15.

20. Richard R. Rosinski and Kirk E. Wheeler , “Children's Use of Orthographic Structure in Word Discrimination,” Psychonomic Science 26 (1972): 97–98.

21. Deborah Lott and Frank Smith , “Knowledge of Intraword Redundancy by Beginning Readers,” Psychonomic Science 19 (1970): 343–344.

22. Frank Smith , “The Use of Featural Dependencies across Letters in the Visual Identification of Words,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8 (1969): 215–218.

23. Joseph R. Jenkins , Barker R. Bausell , and Linda M. Jenkins , “Comparison of Letter Name and Letter Sound Training as Transfer Variables,” American Educational Research Journal 9 (1972): 75–86.

24. Joanna P. Williams , “Training Kindergarten Children to Discriminate Letter-Like Forms,” American Educational Research Journal 6 (1969): 501–514.

25. Alice Nicholson , “Background Abilities Related to Reading Success in First Grade,” Journal of Education 140 (1958): 7–24; Warren H. Wheelrock and Nicholas J. Silvaroli, “Visual Discrimination Training for Beginning Readers,” Reading Teacher 21 (1967): 115–120.

26. Patrick Groff , “A New Sequence for Teaching Lower-Case Letters,” Journal of Reading Behavior 5 (Fall 1973): 297–303.

27. Miles A. Tinker , “How Children and Adults Perceive Words in Reading,” in Invitational Addresses 1965 [ Arthur I. Gates, et. al. ] (Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association, 1965): 75–91.

28. Michael J. Guralnick , “Alphabet Discrimination and Distinctive Features,” Journal of Learning Disabilities 5 (1972): 428–434; Patrick Groff, “A Sequence for Teaching Consonant Clusters,” Journal of Reading Behavior 4 (1971–72): 59–65; Frank Smith, Understanding Reading, loc. cit.