Psychological Assessment of Brain Damage

1. Roger Reger , “ ‘Brain Injury’ and Brain Injury,” Psychology in the Schools 7 (1970): 260.

2. G. B. Smith , “Cerebral Accidents of Childhood and their Relationships to Mental Deficiency,” Welfare Magazine 17 (1926): 18.

3. Gilbert B. Schiffman , “Diagnosing Cases of Reading Disability with Suggested Neurological Impairment,” in J. Allen Figurel (ed.), Vistas in Reading, Proceedings of the International Reading Association, Volumne II [1966] (Newark, Delaware, 1967): 516.

4. Maria Horst , “Psychological Screening,” Management of the Child with Learning Disabilities: An Interdisciplinary Challenge, Selected Papers from the Fourth Annual Conference of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities [1967] (San Rafael, California: Academic Therapy Publications, 1969): 9–10.

5. Charles L. Jennings , “The Psychoeducational Evaluation in a Speech and Hearing Center,” Successful Programing: Many Points of View, Selected Papers from the Fifth Annual Conference of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities [1968] (San Rafael, California: Academic Therapy Publications, 1969): 138.

6. Empress Y. Zedler , “A Screening Scale for Children With Risk of Neurological Impairment,” International Approach to Learning Disabilities of Children and Youth, Selected Papers from the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities [1966] (San Rafael, California: Academic Therapy Publications, 1967): 20, 28.

7. N. Miller , “Teaching an Emotionally Disturbed Brain Damaged Child,” Reading Teacher 17 (1964): 460.

8. Smith, op. cit.

9. A. A. Strauss , “Diagnosis and Education of the Cripple-Brain, Deficient Child,” Journal of Exceptional Children 9 (1943): 163–164.

10. A. A. Strauss and L. E. Lehtinen , Psychopathology and Education of the Brain Injured Child (New York: Grune and Stratton, 1947): 96.

11. David Wechsler , The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1958): 163, 165.

12. Wechsler, loc. cit.: 163–165.

13. Wechsler, loc. cit.: 214.

14. Wechsler, loc. cit.: 162.

15. W. M. Littell , “The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: Review of a Decade of Research,” Psychological Bulletin 57 (1960): 155.

16. J. Wortis , “A Note on the ‘Brain Injured Child’,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency 61 (1956): 206.

17. G. Gutman , “The application of the Wechsler Bellevue Scale in the Diagnosis of Organic Brain Disorders,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 6 (1950): 195.

18. Ibid.

19. David Wechsler , The Measurement of Adult Intelligence (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1944): 112.

20. R. L. Beck and H. S. Lam , “Use of the WISC in Predicting Organicity,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 11 (1955): 155.

21. R. O. Pihl , “The degree of the Verbal-Performance Discrepancy on the WISC and the WAIS and severity of EEG Abnormality in Epileptics,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 24 (1968): 418.

22. Ibid.: 419.

23. R. M. Allen , “The Test Performance of the Brain Diseased,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 4 (1948): 284.

24. R. M. Allen , “The Test Performance of the Brain Injured,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 3 (1947): 229; C. E. Ladd, “WAIS Performances of Brain Damaged and Neurotic Patients,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 20 (1964): 115.

25. K. Fitzhugh , L. C. Fitzhugh , and R. M. Reitan , “Wechsler Bellevue Comparisons in Groups with ‘Chronic’ and ‘Current’ Lateralized and Diffuse Brain Lesions,” Journal of Consulting Psychology 26 (1962): 307–309.

26. E. E. Balthazar , “Cerebral Lateralization in Chronic Epileptic Cases: The Wechsler Object Assembly Subtest,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 19 (1963): 169–171; H. Kløve and R. M. Reitan, “The effects of dysphasia and Spatial Distortion on Wechsler-Bellevue Results,” Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 80 (1958): 708–713.

27. S. R. Rappaport , “Intellectual Deficit in Organics and Schizophrenics,” Journal of Consulting Psychology 17 (1953): 389.

28. J. Cohen , “A Factor-Analytically Based Rationale for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,” Journal of Consulting Psychology 21 (1957): 451–457.

29. A. B. Heilbrun , “The Digit Span Test and the Prediction of Cerebral Pathology,” Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1 (1959): 230.

30. R. B. Evans and J. Marmorston , “Psychological Test Signs of Brain Damage in Cerebral Thrombosis,” Psychological Reports 12 (1963): 921.

31. Allen, “The Test Performance of the Brain Diseased,” and “The Test Performance of the Brain Injured,” loc. cit.; R. D. Dennerll et. al., “WISC and WAIS Factors in Children and Adults with Epilepsy,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20 (1964): 236–237; G. Fisher, “Selective and Differentially Accellerated Intellectual Dysfunction in Specific Brain Damage,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 14 (1958): 395–398; J. Levi et. al., “Clinical Use of the Mental Deterioration Index of the Wechsler-Bellevue Scale,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 40 (1945): 405–407; R. S. Morrow and J. C. Mark, “The Correlation of Intelligence and Neurological Findings on Twenty-Two Patients Autopsied for Brain Damage,” Journal of Consulting Psychology 19 (1955): 283–289; R. M. Reitan, “Certain Differential Effects of Left and Right Cerebral Lesions in Human Adults,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 48 (1955): 474–477; A. Tolor, “A Comparison of the Bender-Gestalt Test and the Digit Span Test as Measures of Recall,” Journal of Consulting Psychology 20 (1956): 305–309.

32. J. A. Aita et. al. , “The Use of Certain Psychological Tests in the Evaluation of Brain Injury,” Journal of General Psychology 37 (1947): 25–44.

33. J. Levi et. al., op. cit.

34. A. Margaret , “Parrallels in the Behavior of Schizophrenics, Paratics, and Pre-Senile Non-Psychotics,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 37 (1942): op. cit.

35. G. Fisher, op. cit.

36. R. J. Lewinski , “The Psychometric Pattern, III. Epilepsy,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 17 (1947): 718.

37. Morrow and Mark, op. cit.: 285.

38. A. L. Benton and I. L. Howell , “The Use of Psychological Tests in the Evaluation of Intellectual Function Following Head Injury: Report of a Case of Post Traumatic Personality Disorder,” Psychosomatic Medicine 3 (1941): 138–151.

39. Evans and Marmorston, op. cit.: 929.

40. Ibid.

41. Aita et. al., op. cit.

42. Heilbrun, op. cit.: 285.

43. R. M. Allen , “A Note on the Use of the Bellevue-Wechsler Scale Mental Deterioration Index with Brain Injured Patients,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 4 (1948): 89.

44. J. W. Parker , “The Validity of Some Current Tests for Organicity,” Journal of Consulting Psychology 21 (1957): 426.

45. O. A. Parsons , F. Morris , and J. P. Denny , “Agitation, Anxiety, Brain Damage, and Perceptual-Motor Deficit,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 19 (1963): 271.

46. Allen, loc. cit.; Balthazar, op. cit.; Milton Gurvitz, The Dynamics of Psychological Testing (New York: Grune and Stratton, 1951); Ladd, op. cit.; Levi et. al., op. cit.; Margaret, op. cit.; Morrow and Mark, op. cit.; Reitan, “Certain Differential Effects…,” loc. cit.

47. N. Solkoff , “Frustration and WISC coding Performance Among Brain-Injured Children,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 18 (1964): 54.

48. S. D. Clements and J. E. Peters , “Minimal Brain Dysfunctions in the School Age Child,” Archives of General Psychiatry 6 (1962): 186.

49. Ibid.: 190.

50. K. D. Hopkins , “An Empirical Analysis of the Efficacy of the WISC in the Diagnosis of Organicity in Children of Normal Intelligence,” Journal of Genetic Psychology 105 (1964): 163.

51. S. B. Sarason and John Doris , “Brain Damage,” Psychological Problems in Mental Deficiency (New York: Harper and Row, 1969): 410.