Many students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) engage in challenging behavior on a daily basis. Such behaviors can have negative impacts on students, teachers, and families. In an effort to support students with EBD, this article provides general and special education teachers with a five-step process for teaching replacement behaviors. Each step is described in detail to illustrate how it can be applied.
BillingsleyB.BettiniE. (2019). Special education teacher attrition and retention: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 89(5), 697–744. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654309862495
CroneD. A.HornerR. H. (2003). Building positive behavior support systems in schools; Functional behavioral assessment. Guilford Press.
4.
Division for Early Childhood. (2017). Position statement on challenging behavior and young children.
5.
Djonko-MooreC. M. (2016). An exploration of teacher attrition and mobility in high poverty racially segregated schools. Race Ethnicity and Education, 19(5), 1063–1087. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2015.1013458
6.
GilliamW.MaupinA. N.ReyesC. R.AccavittiM.ShicF. (2016). Do educators’ implicit bias regarding sex and race relate to behavior expectations and recommendations of preschool expulsions and suspensions?Yale University Child Study Center.
7.
HermanK. C.Hickmon-RosaJ.ReinkeW. M. (2018). Empirically derived profiles of teacher stress, burnout, self-efficacy, and coping and associated student outcomes. Journal of Positive Behavior Intervention, 20(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300717732066
8.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 et seq. (2004) (reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990).
9.
LandrumT. J. (2017). Emotional and behavioral disorders. In KauffmanJ. M.HallahanD. P.PullenP. C. (Eds.), Handbook of special education (2nd ed., pp. 312–324). Routledge.
10.
McGuireS. N.MeadanH. (2022). General educators’ perceptions of social inclusion of elementary students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 48, 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/01987429221079047
NeitzelJ. (2018). Research to practice: Understanding the role of implicit bias in early childhood disciplinary practices. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 39(3), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1080.10901027.2018.1463322
13.
O’NeillR. E.AlbinR. W.StoreyK.HornerR. H.SpragueJ. R. (2014). Functional assessment and program development for problem behavior: A practical handbook (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning.
14.
OwensJ. S.HoldawayA. S.SmithJ.EvansS. W.HimawanL. K.ColesE. K.Girio-HerreraE.MixonC.EganT. E.DawsonA. E. (2018). Rates of common classroom behavior management strategies and their associations with challenging student behavior in elementary school. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 26(3), 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426617712501
15.
RispoliM.BurkeM. D.HattonH.NinciJ.ZainiS.SanchezL. (2015). Training head start teachers to conduct trial-based functional analysis of challenging behavior. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 17(4), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300715577428
16.
RispoliM. J.DavisH. S.GoodwynF. D.CamargoS. (2013). The use of trial-based functional analysis in public school classrooms for two students with developmental disabilities. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 15(3), 180–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712457420
17.
SalviaJ.YsseldykeJ.WitmerS. (2017). Assessment in special and inclusive education (13th ed.). Cengage.
18.
SmithB. J.FoxL. (2003). Systems of service delivery: A synthesis of evidence relevant to young children at risk of or who have challenging behavior. Center for Evidence-Based Practice: Young Children with Challenging Behavior.
19.
UmbreitJ.FerroJ.LiaupsinC. J.LaneK. L. (2007). Functional behavioral assessment and function-based intervention: An effective, practical approach. Pearson.