This article explores groups and teams from a sociological perspective with specific focus on the structure of activity, the nature of interaction and interdependence, and coordination. The emphasis is on distinguishing groups and teams, describing selected team sports configurations and school corollaries, and discussing dimensions of contrast and implications for leadership.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArensbergC., and McGregorD.1942. “Determination of Morale in an Industrial Company,”Applied Anthropology, 1: 12–34.
2.
ArgyrisC.1990. Overcoming Organizational Defenses.Needham, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
3.
BerquistW.1993. The Postmodern Organization: Mastering the Art of Irreversable Change.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
4.
BlauP., and ScottW.1962. Formal Organizations.San Francisco, CA: Chandler.
5.
BlumburgA.1984. “The Craft of School Administration and Some Other Rambling Thoughts,”Educational Administration Quarterly, 20(4): 24–40.
6.
BolmanL., and DealT.1991. Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership.San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
7.
BolmanL., and DealT.1989. Modern Approaches to Understanding and Managing Organizations.San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
8.
BurnsT., and StalkerG.1961. The Management of Innovation.London: Tavistock.
9.
BurrellL., and MorganG.1986. Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis.
10.
ClancyJ.1989. The Invisible Power: The Language of Business.Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
11.
CleggS.1990. Modern Organizations: Organizational Studies in the Postmodern World.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12.
FirthR.1936. We, the Tikopia.London: Unwin, Ltd.
13.
HareP.1992. Groups, Teams, and Social Interaction: Theories and Applications.New York: Praeger.
14.
HatchD.1948. Changes in the Structure and Function of a Rural New England Community Since 1900. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University.
15.
HomansG.1950. The Human Group.New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
16.
HughesR., GinnetR., and CurphyG.1993. Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience.Homewood, IL: Irwin.
17.
KarpH.1980. “Team Building from a Gestalt Perspective,” in The 1980 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators,”PfeifferJ., and JonesJ., eds., San Diego, CA: University Associates, pp. 157–160.
18.
KatzenbachJ., and SmithD.1993. The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performing Organization.Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
19.
KeidelR.1984. Game Plans: Sports Strategies for Business.New York: E. P. Dutton.
20.
KofmanF.1993. “Communities of Commitment: The Heart of the Learning Organization,”Organizational Dynamics, 22: 4–16.
21.
LakeoffG., and JohnsonM.1980. Metaphors We Live By.Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
22.
LarsonC., and LaFastoF.1989. Teamwork: What Must Go Right/What Can Go Wrong.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
23.
LeonardW.1980. A Sociological Perspective of Sport.Minneapolis, MN: Burgess.
24.
LortieD.1975. Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25.
MintzbergH.1979. The Structuring of Organizations.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
26.
MorganG.1986. Images of Organizations.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
27.
MurphyJ.1995. Rethinking the Foundations of Leadership Preparation: Insights from School Improvement Efforts.A Summary Analysis of the Working Conference on School Reform: Implications for the Preparation of School Leaders, St. Louis, MO.
28.
MurphyJ., and BeckL.1991. Understanding the Principalship: Metaphorical Themes 1920s–1990s.New York: Teachers College Press.
29.
OwensR., and SteinhoffC.1989. “Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture,”Journal of Educational Administration, 27(3): 6–16.
30.
PattenT.1981. Organizational Development Through Teambuilding.New York: Wiley.
31.
PetersT., and WatermanR.1982. In Search of Excellence.New York: Harper & Row.
32.
RoethlisbergerF., and DicksonW.1939. Management and the Worker: Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
ScottW.1987. Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
35.
ShawM.1981. Group Dynamics. (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
36.
SwiftE.1991. “Sports in a School Curriculum: Four Postulates to Play By,”Teachers College Record, 92: 425–438.
37.
SykesG., and ElmoreR.1989. “Making Schools Manageable: Policy and Administration for Tomorrow's Schools,” in The Politics of Reforming School Administration, HannawayJ., and CrowsonR., eds., New York: Falmer Press, pp. 166–194.
38.
ThompsonJ.1967. Organizations in Action.New York: McGraw-Hill.
