In recent years, many programs in Educational Administration have added the requirement of an administrative internship. This paper explores how internship learning differs from classroom learning using a theoretical framework of legitimate peripheral participation. The paper also explores how the internship impacts both the intern and the mentor as well as how reflection opportunities can be built into the internship. The paper concludes with an Intern Transition Model.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AllisonD. J., and AllisonP. A.1993. “Both Ends of a Telescope: Experience and Expertise in Principal Problem Solving,”Educational Administration Quarterly, 29(3): 302–322.
2.
AndersonM. E.1989. “Training and Selecting School Leaders,” in School Leadership, SmithS. C., and PieleP. K., eds., Eugene, OR (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 309 504).
3.
BennerP.1984. From Novice to Expert.Menlo Park, CA: Addison Wesley.
CordeiroP., KruegerJ., ParksD., RestineN., and WilsonP.1992. Taking Stock: A Study of the Danforth Programs for the Preparation of School Principals, Clayton, MI: The Danforth Foundation.
6.
CoyM. ed. 1989. Apprenticeship: From Theory to Method and Back Again.Albany: SUNY Press.
7.
CrowG., and GlascockC.1995. “Socialization to a New Conception of the Principalship,”Journal of Educational Administration, 33(1): 22–43.
8.
CrowG., MecklowitzB., and WeekesY. N.1992. “From Teaching to Administration: A Preparation Institute,”Journal of School Leadership, (2): April 188–200.
9.
DareshJ.1988. Are Field-Based Programs the Answer to Reform of Administrator Preparation Programs? (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 335 790).
10.
DareshJ., and BarnettB. G.1993. “Restructuring Leadership Development in Colorado,” in Preparing Tomorrow's School Leaders: Alternative Designs, University Park, PA: UCEA, pp. 129–156.
11.
DaviesD. R.1962. The Internship in Educational Administration.Washington, D.C.: The Center for Applied Research in Education, Inc.
12.
DreyfusS. E., and DreyfusH. L.1980. A Five Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition, unpublished report supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC), USAF, University of California, Berkeley.
13.
Farnham-DiggoryS.1994. “Paradigms of Knowledge and Instruction,”Review of Educational Research, 64(3): 463–477.
14.
GoodyE. N.1989. “Learning, Apprenticeship and the Division of Labor,”CoyM., ed., Apprenticeship: From Theory to Method and Back Again.New York: SUNY Press.
15.
GoushaR. P., LoPrestiP. L., and JonesA. H.1986. Mapping of a Dynamic Field: Results from the Second Annual Survey of Certification and Employment of Standards for Educational Administrators. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-Western Educational Association, Chicago, IL (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 303 846).
16.
GriffithsD.1988. Educational Administration: Reform PDQ or RIP.Tempe AZ: The University Council for Educational Administration.
17.
HillsJ.1975. “The Preparation of Administrators: Some Observations from the ‘Firing Line.'”Educational Administration Quarterly, 11(3): 1–20.
HencleyS. P. ed. 1963. The Internship in Administrative Preparation.Washington, DC: The Committee for the Advancement of Educational Administration.
20.
KnowlesM. S.1980. The Modern Practice of Adult Education: From Pedagogy to Andragogy. (2nd edition). New York: Cambridge Books.
21.
KolbD.1984. Experiential Learning.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
22.
LaCostB., and PounderD.1987. The Internship: An Alternative Model. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration. Charlottesville, VA. October.
23.
LaPlantJ. C.1988. An Examination of Approaches to Field-Based Learning in Other Professions. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. April. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 300 906).
24.
LaveJ., and WengerE.1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
25.
LeithwoodK., BegleyP., and CousensB.1990. “The Nature, Causes, and Consequences of Principals’ Practices: An Agenda for Future Research,”Journal of Educational Administration, 28(4): 5–31.
26.
LincolnY., and GubaE.1985. Naturalistic Inquiry.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
27.
MilsteinM. and Associates. 1993. Changing the Way We Prepare Educational Leaders.Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.
28.
MilsteinM., BobroffB., and RestineL. N.1991. Internship Programs in Educational Administration: A Guide to Preparing Educational Leaders.New York: Teachers College Press.
29.
MurphyJ.1992. The Landscape of Leadership Preparation.Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.
30.
MurphyJ., and HallingerP. eds., 1987. “Approaches to Administrative Training in Education,” in New Directions in the Professional Development of School Administrators: A Synthesis and Suggestions for Improvement. pp. 245–281. New York: SUNY Press.
31.
NASSP (1988). High School Leaders and Their Schools.Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principals.
PattonM. Q.1990. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
34.
PaulterA.1990. A Review of UCEA Member Institutions’ Clinical Experiences/Internships/Field Experiences for Educational Leaders. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration, Pittsburgh, PA.
35.
PrestineN. A., and LeGrandB. F.1991. “Cognitive Learning Theory and the Preparation of Educational Administrators: Implications for Practice and Policy,”Educational Administration Quarterly, 27: 61–89.
36.
SchonD. A.1987. Educating the Reflective Practitioner.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
37.
ShiblesM.1988. School Leadership Preparation: A Preface for Action.Washington, D.C.: American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.
38.
SkalskiJ., LohmanM., SzepanikJ., BarattaA., BaciliousZ., and SchulteS.1987. The Administrative Internship, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC. April.
39.
StraussA. L.1987. Qualitative Analysis for the Social Scientist.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40.
WylieV. L., and ClarkE. H.1994. “Personal Observations of Using Peer Coaching to Improve the Administrative Internship,”Journal of School Leadership, V: 543–556.