This article reviews two studies that sought to identify strategies and programs that increase the likelihood that women and minorities will become school administrators. It ends with recommendations for school districts and school administrators, for educational administration training programs, and for women and minorities themselves.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BachL.1976. “Of Women School Administration and Discipline,”Phi Delta Kappan, 57(1): 463–465.
2.
BowersE., QuinnK., and HungerfordJ.1979. Women in Vocational Education Administration: A Nationwide Analysis.The National Center for Research in Vocational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service).
3.
HavenW. W., AdkinsonP. D., and BagleyM.1980. Minorities in Educational Administration: The Principalship.Annadale, Virginia: JWK International Corporation.
4.
JonesE. H., and MontenegroX. P.1985, 1988. Women and Minorities in School Administration.Arlington, Virginia: American Association of School Administrators.
5.
KrchniakS. P.“Variables Associated with Low Incidence of Women in School Administration: Towards Empirical Understanding.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of AERA, Toronto, Canada, March, 1978.
6.
OrtizF. I., and MarshallC.1988. “Women in Educational Administration,”Handbook of Research on Educational Administration, BoyanN., ed., New York, NY: Longman Publishers, pp. 123–141.
7.
PigfordA. B.1988. “Minority Administrators Program Provides Internship Experiences,”South Carolina School Board's Association Journal, (January).
8.
PigfordA. B., and TonnsenS.1990. “The Women's Institute: Preparing Women to Deal Effectively with Sexism and Racism in School Administration,”Teaching Education, 3(1): 87–91.
9.
SchmuckP. A.1975. “Sex Differentiation in Public School Administration,”Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 5791A–5792A (University Microfilms No. 76–5204).
10.
ShakeshaftC.1988. Women in Educational Administration.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
11.
ShapiroJ. P.1987. “Women in Education: At Risk or Prepared?The Educational Forum,”51(1): 167–183.
12.
TaylorS. S.1973. “Educational Leadership: A Male Domain?”Phi Delta Kappan, 55(2): 124–128.
13.
TillmanAnn I.1983. Administration Intern Program.Florida: Duval County Schools.
14.
TonnsenS., PigfordA., BerryB., TruesdaleV., and PaqueoE.1989. Programs for Preparing Minorities and Women in Educational Administration.Research Triangle Park, NC: Southeastern Educational Improvement Laboratory.
15.
TruesdaleV. P.1988. “Employment Practices and Procedures which Result in High Percentages of Women in Secondary School Principalships,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of South Carolina.
16.
ValverdeL. A., and BrownF.1988. “Influences on Leadership Development Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities,”Handbook of Research on Educational Administration, BoyanN., ed., New York, NY: Longman Publishers, pp. 143–157.
17.
WeberM. B., FeldmanJ. R., and PolingE. C.1981. “Why Women Are Under-represented in Educational Administration,”Educational Leadership, 38(4): 320–322.
18.
WigginsT., and CogginsC.1986. “Gender Bias in Superintendent Selection: A Projective Analysis,”Journal of Educational Research, 80: 115–20.