An exploratory study of musculoskeletal pain among academic staff in a Saudi university: Prevalence and associated factors across nine body regions

Abstract

Background

Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a common occupational health concern among sedentary workers, including academic staff.

Objective

This exploratory study assessed the prevalence, associated factors, and effects of MSP among academic staff at a public university in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and items assessing individual, health, and occupational characteristics. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and logistic regression analyses were performed with an alpha level of 0.05.

Results

Seventy-one academic staff (50 females; mean age: 40.0 ± 6.4 years) participated. Across all assessed timeframes (lifetime, past year, past month, and point), MSP was most commonly reported in the neck (62.0%, 36.6%, 25.4%, and 11.6%, respectively), low back (61.4%, 39.4%, 32.9%, and 11.6%, respectively), and shoulders (52.9%, 34.3%, 23.2%, and 13.2%, respectively). Occupational factors, including high job demands, low job control, prolonged sitting time, extended computer use, lack of breaks, and leadership responsibilities, were most consistently associated with MSP. Health-related characteristics (smoking, comorbidities, and medication use) and individual characteristics (sex and smartphone use) showed more site-specific associations. MSP affected daily functioning, leading to medication use, work absences, and healthcare visits.

Conclusion

MSP was commonly reported among academic staff in this Saudi university, with occupational characteristics showing the most consistent associations. Preventive strategies, including ergonomic training, work break policies, and stress management, may be beneficial for reducing MSP within this academic setting.