Factors influencing the motivation of Iranian office workers based on the macroergonomics model and work systems theory: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background

While numerous studies have explored motivational factors, few have applied a macroergonomic lens to public-sector administrative settings in non-Western contexts like Iran, where hierarchical structures and economic challenges uniquely shape workplace dynamics.

Objective

This qualitative study aimed to identify and explore the key macroergonomic factors influencing job motivation among administrative staff in a public health school, using the Work Systems Model (WSM) as a conceptual framework.

Methods

A qualitative content analysis approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with a total of sixteen full-time administrative staff during March to May 2024. Data were collected until saturation and analyzed through the lens of macroergonomics, categorizing findings into five core domains: organizational, environmental, technological, individual, and task-related factors.

Results

Findings revealed that motivational dynamics are shaped by a complex interplay of systemic factors. Key organizational factors identified by 5 major domains, 11 dimensions, and 38 subcategories from 426 codes, containing leadership style and reward systems; environmental influences encompassed office noise and temperature; technological factors involved the quality and availability of digital tools; individual factors addressed personality traits and internal motivation; and task-related aspects emphasized role clarity and task variety.

Conclusion

WSM provided a robust framework to uncover culturally specific barriers in Iran's public sector, offering actionable insights for systemic interventions like leadership training and technology upgrades to reduce turnover and boost performance. Results suggest that optimizing work environments through macroergonomic strategies can significantly contribute to employee well-being and organizational performance.