Interpersonal Conflict in Collaborative Writing: What We Can Learn from Gender Studies

Abstract

Gender-studies scholars describe the ways relationships within the family in fluence the gender identity of males and females, while composition special ists study the social nature of writing. In the areas of self-disclosure, control, trust, perceptions ofgroup and ofconflict, congruence, and reward, these gen der roles affect the abilities of men and women to collaborate successfully and determine their responses to interpersonal conflict. Through classroom activi ties and journal keeping, students can learn the limits ofgender roles and have access to a full range of collaborative strategies.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Allen, Nancy , et al. "What Experienced Collaborators Say About Collaborative Writing ." JBTC 1.2 (1987): 70-90.

Anderson, Paul V. "What Survey Research Tells Us About Writing at Work." Writing in Nonacademic Settings. Ed. Lee Odell and Dixie Goswami. New York: Guilford Press, 1985. 3-83.

Aries, Elizabeth. "Interaction Patterns and Themes of Male, Female, and Mixed Groups ." Small Group Behavior 7.1 (1976): 7-18.

Arnold, Carroll C. , and John Waite Bowers . Handbook of Rhetorical and Communication Theory . Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1984.

Baird, John E., Jr. "Sex Differences in Group Communication: A Review of Relevant Research." Quarterly Journal of Speech 62.1 (1976): 179-92.

Baird, John E., Jr. , and Patricia Hayes Bradley. "Styles of Management and Communication: A Comparative Study of Men and Women." Communication Monographs 46.2 ( 1979): 101-11.

Bardwick, Judith M. Psychology of Women: A Study of Bio-Cultural Conflict. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

Baron, Robert A. "Reducing Organization Conflict: An Incompatible Response Approach ." Journal of Applied Psychology 69.2 (1984): 272-79.

Belenky, Mary Field , et al. Women's Ways of Knowing. New York: Basic, 1986.

10.

Bem, Sandra L. "Sex Role Adaptability: One Consequence of Psychological Androgyny ." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31.4 (1975): 634-43.

11.

Bergen, Clarence W., Jr. , and Raymond J. Kirk. "Groupthink: When Too Many Heads Spoil the Decision." Readings in Management: Making Organizations Perform . Ed. H. R. Smith , et al. New York: Macmillan, 1980. 214-23.

12.

Chodorow, Nancy. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender . Berkeley: U of California P, 1978.

13.

Cooper, Marilyn. "The Ecology of Writing." College English 48.4 (1986): 364-75.

14.

Debs, Mary Elizabeth. "Collaborative Writing: A Study of Technical Writing in the Computer Industry." DAI 47.6 (1986): 2141A. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

15.

Deutsch, Morton. "Trust and Suspicion." Journal of Conflict Resolution 2.4 ( 1958): 265-79.

16.

DeVito, Joseph A. Human Communication: The Basic Course. 4th ed. New York: Harper and Row , 1988.

17.

Doheny-Farina, Stephen. "Writing in an Emerging Organization: An Ethnographic Study." Written Communication 3.2 (1986): 158-85.

18.

Edelsky, Carole. "Who's Got the Floor?" Language in Society 10.3 (1981): 383-421.

19.

Faigley, Lester , and Thomas Miller. "What We Learn from Writing on the Job." College English 44.6 (1982): 557-69.

20.

Filley, Alan C. Interpersonal Conflict Resolution. Glenview: Scott, Foresman, 1975.

21.

Fisher, Dalmar. Communication in Organizations. St. Paul: West, 1981.

22.

Forman, Janis , and Patricia Katsky . "The Group Report: A Problem in Small Group or Writing Processes?" Journal of Business Communication 23.4 (1986): 23-35.

23.

Foss, Karen A. , and Sonja K. Foss. "The Status of Research On Women and Communications." Communication Quarterly 31.3 (1983): 195-204.

24.

Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice.- Psychological Theory and Women's Development . Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982.

25.

Goldstein, Jone Rymer , and Elizabeth L. Malone . "Journals on Interpersonal and Group Communication: Facilitating Technical Project Groups." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 14.2 (1984): 113-31.

26.

Hall, Roberta A. , and Bernice Sandler . The Classroom Climate: A Chilly One for Women ? Washington: Project on the Status and Education of Women, Assn. of American Colleges, 1982 .

27.

Heilbrun, Carolyn. Toward a Recognition of Androgyny. New York: Norton, 1963.

28.

Jenkins, Lee , and Cheris Kramer. "Small Group Process: Learning from Women." Women's Studies International Quarterly 1.1 (1978): 67-84.

29.

Keller, Evelyn Fox , and Helene Moglen. "Competition: A Problem for Academic Women." Competition: A Feminist Taboo? Ed. Valerie Miner and Helen E. Longino. New York: Feminist Press, 1987. 21-37.

30.

Knapp, Mark L. Interpersonal Communication and Human Relationships. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 1984.

31.

Knapp, Mark L. , Donald G. Ellis , and Barbara A. Williams . "Perceptions of Communication Behavior Associated with Relationship Terms." Communication Monographs 47.4 (1980): 262-78.

32.

Krupar, Karen R. Communication Games: Participant's Manual. New York: Free Press, 1973.

33.

Littlejohn, Stephen W. Theories of Communication. 2nd ed. Belmont: Wadsworth, 1983.

34.

Markel, Norman N. , Joseph F. Long , and Thomas J. Saine . "Sex Effects in Conversational Interaction: Another Look at Male Dominance." Human Communication Research 2.4 ( 1976): 356-64.

35.

Millar, Frank E. , and L. Edna Rogers. "A Relational Approach to Interpersonal Communication ." Explorations in Interpersonal Communication. Ed. Gerald R. Miller. Beverly Hills : Sage, 1976. 87-103.

36.

Morgan, Meg , et al. "Collaborative Writing in the Classroom." Bulletin for the Association for Business Communication 50.3 (1987): 20-26.

37.

Pearce, W. Barnett. "Trust in Interpersonal Communication." Interpersonal Communication: A Relational Perspective. Ed. Ben W. Morse and Lynn A. Phelps. Minneapolis: Burgess, 1980.

38.

Putnam, Linda. "In Search of Gender: A Critique of Communication and Sex-Roles Research ." Women's Studies in Communication 5.1 (1982): 1-9.

39.

Rogers, Carl R. On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961.

40.

Rosenfeld, Lawrence B. "Self-Disclosure Avoidance: Why I Am Afraid to Tell You Who I Am." Communication Monographs 46.1 (1979): 63-74.

41.

Ruben, Brent D. Human Communication Handbook: Simulations and Games. Vol. 2. Rochelle Park: Hayden, 1978. 2 vols. 1975-78 .

42.

Ruben, Brent D. , and Richard W. Budd . Human Communication Handbook : Simulations and Games. Vol. 1. Rochelle Park : Hayden, 1975. 2 vols. 1975-78.

43.

Saine, Thomas J. , and Douglas C. Bock . "The Effects of Reward Criteria on the Structure of Interaction in Problem Solving Groups." Southern Speech Communication Journal 39.1 (1973): 55-62.

44.

Spitzak, Carole , and Kathryn Carter. "Women in Communication Studies: A Typology for Revision ." Quarterly Journal of Speech 73.4 (1987): 401-23.

45.

Stanger, Carol. "The Sexual Politics of the One-To-One Tutorial Approach and Collaborative Learning." Teaching Writing: Pedagogy, Gender, and Equity. Ed. Cynthia L. Caywood and Gillian R. Overing. Albany: State U of New York P, 1987. 31-44.

46.

Treichler, Paula A. , and Cheris Kramarae . "Women's Talk in the Ivory Tower." Communication Quarterly 31.2 (1983): 118-32.

47.

Walton, Richard E. Interpersonal Peacemaking: Confrontations and Third-Party Consultation . Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1969.

48.

Wheeless, Lawrence R. , and Janis Grotz. "The Measurement of Trust and Its Relationships to Self-Disclosure ." Interpersonal Communication: A Relational Perspective. Ed. Ben W. Morse and Lynn A. Phelps. Minneapolis : Burgess, 1980. 364-71.

49.

Zand, Dale E. "Trust and Managerial Problem Solving." Administrative Science Quarterly 17.2 (1972): 229-39.