Abstract
Background
While rapid response teams (RRT) are widely implemented to address clinical deterioration in hospitalized patients, their impact on goals of care (GOC) discussions remains underexplored.
Aims
We aimed to evaluate whether RRT activations were associated with subsequent goals of care discussions, code status changes, and clinical outcomes.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-center review of hospitalized adult patients admitted to medicine services who had RRT activations between January and December 2023. The primary outcome was GOC discussion within 72 h of RRT. GOC discussions were identified through EMR documentation of conversations, code status changes, and ACP notes. Secondary outcomes included code status change, transition to comfort care, and 30- and 90-day mortality. Analyses were adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting.
Results
1823 RRTs among 1677 patients were analyzed; 47% of patients were female and 88% identified as white. Those transferred to the ICU had higher odds of goals of care discussions (OR 1.52, P < 0.001), code status change (OR 2.43, P < 0.001), and transition to comfort care (OR 1.47, P = 0.026) compared to those who remained on the floor. ICU transfer was also associated with increased 30- (OR 1.39, P = 0.006) and 90-day mortality (OR 1.30, P = 0.014).
Conclusions
ICU transfer following RRT activation is strongly associated with downstream goals of care discussions, changes in code status, comfort-focused care, and higher mortality. This demonstrates the importance of initiating goals of care discussions early and often, regardless of whether clinical decompensation is anticipated.
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