This longitudinal pilot study examined diFFerences in demographic characteristics oF 101 patients with advanced illness (cancer, AIDS) and 81 Family caregivers, evaluated the reliability oF the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale For these patients and their Family caregivers; obtained preliminary data regarding similarities or diFFerences in the symptom experience oF these patients and their Family caregivers and changes in symptoms over time; and identiFied demographic variables that may be potential covariates related to the symptom experience. All demographic variables were signiFicantly diFFerent For patients with advanced cancer and AIDS, and their symptom experience is similar only with regard to psychologic symptoms; however, based on the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, cancer and AIDS patients and their Family caregivers have similar symptom experiences, indicating the need For palliative care For both patients and Family. Further research is needed to establish the reliability oF the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale For use with Family caregivers.
Grady P., Knebel A., Draper A.End oF liFe issues in AIDS: the research perspective. J R Soc Med.2001;94:479-482.
2.
Higginson I.PreFace. In: Lipman A, Jackson K, Tyler S, eds. Evidence Based Symptom Control in Palliative Care. New York, NY: Haworth Press Inc; 2000:xiii.
3.
Portenoy RK, Thaler H., Kornblith A., et al. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale: an instrument For the evaluation oF symptom prevalence, characteristics and distress. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30:1326-1336.
4.
Ingham J., Portenoy R.The measurement oF pain and other symptoms. In: Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny N, Calman K.Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. 3rd ed. New York, NY: OxFordUniversity Press; 2004:167-184.
5.
National Consensus Project For Quality Palliative Care. (2004 ). Available at: http://www.nationalconsensusproject.org . Last accessed Sept 26, 20006.
6.
Higginson I., Addington-Hall JMThe epidemiology oF death and symptoms. In: Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherny N, Calman K, eds. Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. 3rd ed. New York, NY: OxFordUniversity Press; 2004:14-24.
7.
Singh S., Fermie P., Peters W.Symptom control For individuals with advanced HIV inFection in a subacute residential unit: which symptoms need palliating? [abstract PoD 5428] Int ConfAIDS. 1992;8:D428.
8.
Malcolm J., Dobson P.Palliative care oF AIDS: the last month oF liFe. Annu Conf Australas Soc HIVMed.1994;6:266.
9.
Reiter G., Kudler N.Palliative care and HIV, part II: systemic maniFestations and late stage illness . AIDS Clin Care. 1996;8:27-30.
10.
Ungvarski P., Flaskerud J.HIV/AIDS: A Guide to Primary Care Management. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company; 1999 .
11.
Newshan G., Sherman DWPalliative care: pain and symptom management in persons with HIV/AIDS. Nurs Clin N Am. 1999;34:131-145.
12.
Coyne P., Lyne M., Watson A.Symptom management in people with AIDS. Am J Nurs.2002;102:48-57.
13.
Vogl D., RosenFeld B., Breitbart W., et al. Symptom prevalence, characteristics, and distress in AIDS outpatients . J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999;18:253-262.
14.
RosenFeld B. , Breitbart W., McDonals M., Passik S., Thaler H., Portenoy R.Pain in ambulatory AIDS patients: impact on pain and psychological Functioning and quality oF liFe. Pain.1996;68:323-328.
15.
Frich L., Borgbjerg F.Pain and pain treatment in AIDS patients: a longitudinal study. J Pain Symptom Manage.2000;19:339-347.
16.
Selwyn P., Rivard M., Kappell D., et al. Palliative care For AIDS at a large urban teaching hospital: program description and preliminary outcomes. J Palliat Med.2003;6:461-474.
17.
Pickett M., Yancey D. SymptomsoF dying. In: McCorkle R, Grant M, Frank-Stromborg M, eds. Cancer Nursing: A Comprehensive Textbook. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company, 1996.
18.
Hwang S., Chang V.The use oF quality oF liFe and symptom assessment instruments to chart the course oF terminal cancer patients over time. Oncol Nurs Forum.1996; 23:352-360.
19.
McCarthy E. , Phillips R., Zhong Z., Drews R., Lynn J.Dying with cancer: patients' Function, symptoms, and care preFerences as death approaches. J Am Geriatr Soc.2000;48:110-112.
20.
Jordhoy M., Fayers P., Loge J, Ahlner-Elmqvist M, Kassa S. Quality oF liFe in palliative cancer care: results From a cluster randomized trial. J Clin Oncol.2001;19: 3884-3894.
21.
Hwang S., Chang V., Fairclough D., Cogswell J., Kasimis B.Longitudinal quality oF liFe in advanced cancer patients: pilot study results From a medical cancer center. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25:225-234.
22.
Higginson IJIntroduction: deFining the unit oF care: who are we supporting and how? In: Bruera E, Portenoy RP, eds. Topics in Palliative Care. Vol 2. New York, NY: OxFord University Press; 1998:205-207.
23.
Beeney L., Butow P., Dunn S.Normal adjustment to cancer: characteristics and assessment. In: Portenoy RK, Bruera E, eds. Topics in Palliative Care. Vol 1. New York, NY: OxFord University Press; 1997 :213-244.
24.
Hoskins CN, Baker S., Budin W., et al. Adjustment among husbands oF women with breast cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol.1996;14:1441-1469.
25.
Kaye J., Gracely EJPsychological distress in cancer patients and their spouses. J Cancer Educ.1993;8:47-52.
26.
Omne-Poten H., Holmberg L., Bergstrom R., Sjoden P., Burns T.Psychosocial adjustment among husbands oF women treated For breast cancer: mastectomy vs. breast conserving surgery . Eur J Cancer. 1993;29:1393-1397.
27.
Kristjanson LJ , Sloan JA, Dudgeon D., Adaskin E.Family members' perception oF palliative cancer care: predictors oF Family Functioning and Family members' health. J Palliat Care.1996;12:10-20.
28.
Ell K., Nishimot R., Mantell J., Hamovitch M.Longitudinal analysis oF psychological adaptation among Family members oF patients with cancer. J Psychosom Res.1998 ;32:429.
29.
PFeiFFer E.A short portable questionnaire For the assessment oF organic brain deFicit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc.1975 ;23:433-441.
30.
Chang VT, Hwang S, Feuerman M, Kasimis B. Symptom and quality oF liFe survey oF medical oncology patients at a Veterans AFFairs Medical Center: a role For symptom assessment. Cancer. 2000;88:1175-1183.
31.
Sherman DW, Ye X., McSherry C., Calabrese M, Parkas V, Gatto M. Quality oF liFe oF patients with advanced cancer and AIDS and their Family caregivers. J Palliat Med.2006;9:948-963.
32.
Steinhauser K.Measuring end oF liFe outcomes prospectively . J Palliat Med.2005;8:30-41.
33.
Matzo M., Sherman DWPalliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End of Life. New York, NY: Springer Publishers; 2001.
34.
Rando TAGrief, Dying, and Death: Clinical Interventions for Caregivers. Champaign, IL: Research Press Co; 1984.
35.
Tranmer JE, Heyland D., Dugeon D., Groll D., Squires-Graham M., Coulson K.Measuring the symptom experience oF seriously ill cancer and noncancer hospitalized patients near the end oF liFe with the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25:420-429.
36.
Sherman DWReciprocal suFFering: the need to improve Family caregiver's quality oF liFe through palliative care. J Palliat Med.1998 ;1:357-366.
37.
Donnelly S. , Walsh D., Rybicki L.The symptoms oF advanced cancer: identiFication oF clinical and research priorities by assessment oF prevalence and severity . J Palliat Care.1995;11:27-32.
38.
Clark J.Commentary on psychological distress in Family members living with human immunodeFiciency virus/ acquired immune deFiciency syndrome. ONS Nurs Scan Oncol. 1994;3:9-10.
