Ethics roundtable

Cohen LM , Germain MJ , Poppel DM : Practical considerations in dialysis withdrawal: “To have that option is a blessing.” JAMA. 2003; 289(16): 2113-2119.

Levine DZ : Shared decision-making in dialysis: The new RPA/ASN Guideline on Appropriate Initiation and Withdrawal of Treatment. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37(5): 1081-1091.

Sekkarie MA , Moss AH : Withholding and withdrawing dialysis: The role of physician specialty and education and patient functional status. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998; 31(3): 464-472.

Sehgal AR , Weisheit C , Miura Y , et al. : Advance directives and withdrawal of dialysis in the United States, Germany, and Japan. JAMA. 1996; 276(20): 1652-1656.

United State Renal Data System (USRDS): Annual Data Report, 2004: pp. 60 (Incidence & Prevalence), 120 (Overall Hospitalization & Mortality), and Table H.18 (Mortality Rates by Cause of Withdrawal, Unadjusted).

Phillips JM , Brennan M , Schwartz CE , et al. : The long-term impact of dialysis discontinuation on families. J Palliat Med. 2005; 8(1): 79-85.

Kahn A , Penner SB : Use of baclofen for intractable hiccups in uremia. Am J Med. 1994; 96(4): 391.

Smith HS , Busracamwongs A : Management of hiccups in the palliative care population. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003; 20(2): 149-154.

Moretti R , Toree P , Antonello RM , et al. : Gabapentin as a drug therapy of intractable hiccup because of vascular lesion: A three-year follow up. Neurologist. 2004; 10(2): 102-106.

Hernandez JL , Pajaron M , Garcia-Regata O , et al. : Gabapentin for intractable hiccup. Am J Med. 2004; 117: 279-281.

Chen YC , Chang CT , Fang JT , et al. : Baclofen neurotoxicity in uremic patients: Is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis less effective than intermittent hemodialysis? Ren Fail. 2003; 25(2): 297-305.

Hadjiyannacos D , Vlassopoulos D , Hadjiconstantinou V: Treatment of intractable hiccup in haemodialysis patients with baclofen. Am J Nephrol. 2001; 21(5): 427-428.

Germain M , Cohen LM : Specific disease states and symptom management: Nephrology. In Kuebler KK , Davis MP , Moore CD (eds.): Palliative Practices. Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier Health, 2005.

Davis M , Glare P , Hardy J : Opioids in Cancer Pain. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.