Recent advances in the treatment of HIV/AIDS have dramatically changed the lives of many patients and their loved ones as well as those who care for them. However, not all patients respond successfully to the latest treatments. Hospice professionals need to understand the experience of AIDS patients and their loved ones in this period of hope and disappointment, and to find appropriate ways to support and care for them. This article explores the implications of treatment advances for AIDS patients, their loved ones, and professionals in dealing with loss and grief.
Deeks SG, Smith M, Holodniy M, Kahn JO: HIV-1 protease inhibitors: A review for clinicians. JAMA. 1997; 277(2): 145-153.
2.
Williams AB: Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Nursing Clinics of North America. 1999; 34(1): 113-129.
3.
Rabkin JG, Ferrando S: A “second life” agenda: Psychiatric research issues raised by protease inhibitor treatments for people with the human immunodeficiency virus or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1997; 54(11): 1049-1053.
4.
Rofes E: Dry Bones Breathe: Gay Men Creating Post-AIDS Identities and Cultures. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1998.
5.
Kalichman SC, Ramachandran B, Ostrow D: Protease inhibitors and the new AIDS combination therapies: Implications for psychological services. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 1998; 29(4): 349-356.
6.
Selwyn PA, Arnold RA: From fate to tragedy: The changing meanings of life, death, and AIDS. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998; 129(11): 899-902.
7.
Kobayashi JS: The evolution of adjustment issues in HIV/AIDS. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 1997; 61(2): 146-188.
8.
Maasen T: Counselling gay men with multiple loss and survival problems: The bereavement group as a transitional object. AIDS Care. 1998; 10(1): S57-S63.
9.
Nord D: Multiple AIDS-Related Loss: A Handbook for Understanding and Surviving a Perpetual Fall. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis, 1997.
10.
Androite JM: Victory Deferred: How AIDS has Changed Gay Life in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.
11.
Haubrich RH, Little SJ, Currier JS, et al.: California Collaborative Treatment Group: The value of patient-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy in predicting virologic and immunologic response. AIDS. 1999; 13(9): 1099-1107.
12.
Lyons C: HIV drug adherence: Special situations. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 1997; 8(Suppl): 29-34.
13.
Murri R, Ammassari A, De Luca A, et al.: Definition and measurement of adherence to antiretroviral drugs in HIV-1-infected patients. Lancet. June 5, 1999; 353: 1974.
14.
Tuldra A, Ferrer MJ, Fumaz CR, et al.: Monitoring adherence to HIV therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine. June 28, 1999; 159: 1376-1377.
15.
Altice FL, Friedland GH: The era of adherence to HIV therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998; 129(6): 503-504.
16.
Malow RM, McPherson S, Klimas N, et al.: Adherence to complex combination anti-retroviral therapies by HIV-positive drug abusers. Psychiatric Services. 1998; 49(8): 1021-1024.
17.
Lerner BH, Gulick RM, Dubler NN: Rethinking nonadherence: historical perspectives on triple-drug therapy for HIV disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998; 129(7): 573-578.
18.
Niemeyer RA, Stewart AE: AIDS-related death anxiety: A review of the literature. In Gendelman HE, Lipton SA, Epstein L, Swindells S (eds.): Neurology of AIDS. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1998: 582-595.
19.
Catania JA, Turner HA, Choi KH, Coates TJ: Coping with death anxiety: help-seeking and social support among gay men with various HIV diagnoses. AIDS. 1992; 6: 999-1005.
20.
Kurdek LA, Siesky G: The nature and correlates of psychological adjustment in gay men with AIDS-related conditions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1990; 20: 846-860.
21.
Viney LL, Henry RM, Walker BM, Crooks L: The psychosocial impact of multiple deaths from AIDS. Omega. 1992; 24(2): 151-163.
22.
Dane BO, Miller SO: AIDS: Intervening with Hidden Grievers. Westport, CT: Auburn House, 1992.
23.
Mead SCW, Willemsen HWA: Crisis of the psyche: Psychotherapeutic considerations on AIDS, loss, and hope. In Sherr L (ed.): Grief and AIDS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 1995: 115-127.
24.
Hoffman MA: Counseling Clients with HIV Disease. New York: Guilford Press, 1996.
25.
Brown MA, Powell-Cope GM: AIDS family caregiving: Transitions through uncertainty. Nursing Research. 1991; 40(6): 338-345.
26.
Walker RJ, Pomeroy EC, McNeil JS, Franklin C: Anticipatory grief and AIDS: Strategies for intervening with caregivers. Health and Social Work. 1996; 21(1): 49-57.
27.
Doka KJ: When illness is prolonged: Implications for grief. In Doka KJ, Davidson J (eds.): Living With Grief When Illness Is Prolonged. Washington, DC: Hospice Foundation of America, 1997: 5-15.
28.
Haviland ML, Healton CG, Weinberg GS, et al.: Delivering HIV/AIDS services: The professional care provider speaks out. American Journal of Preventive Medicine: Research Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice. 1997; 13(2): 12-18.
29.
Demmer C: AIDS attitudes and attitudes toward caring for dying patients. Death Studies. 1999; 23(5): 433-442.
30.
Killeen MK: Getting through our grief. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care. 1993; 10(5): 18-24.
31.
Mallinson RK: Grief work of HIV-positive persons and their survivors. Nursing Clinics of North America. 1999; 34(1): 163-177.
32.
Niemeyer RA: Lessons of Loss: A Guide to Coping. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
33.
Showalter SE: Walking with grief: The trail of tears in a world of AIDS. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care. 1997; 14(2): 68-74.
34.
Wiener L, Fair C, Pizzo PA: Care for the child with HIV infection and AIDS. In Armstrong-Dailey A, Goltzer SZ (eds.): Hospice Care for Children. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993: 85-104.
35.
Brown MA, Powell-Cope GM: Themes of loss and dying in caring for a family member with AIDS. Research in Nursing and Health. 1993; 16: 179-191.
36.
Relf MV: Illuminating meaning and transforming issues of spirituality in HIV disease and AIDS: An application of Parse’s theory of human becoming. Holistic Nursing Practice. 1997; 12(1): 1-8.
37.
Kaldjian LC, Jekel JF, Friedland G: Endof-life decisions in HIV-positive patients: the role of spiritual beliefs. AIDS. 1998; 12(1): 103-107.
Sikkema KJ, Kalichman SC, Kelly JA, Koob JJ: Group intervention to improve coping with AIDS-related bereavement: Model development and an illustrative clinical example. AIDS Care. 1995; 7(4): 463-475.
40.
Barroso J: Social support and long-term survivors of AIDS. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 1997; 19(5): 554-582.
41.
Higginson I: Palliative care: a review of past changes and future trends. Journal of Public Health Medicine. 1993; 15(1): 3-8.
