In this article, we review the latest trends of data collection methods in phenomenological nursing studies. Subsequently, by using a philosophical analysis, mainly inspired by Merleau-Ponty’s embodied phenomenology and a case construction of an individual with hemi-spatial neglect—a common disorder following stroke—we explore the concepts “body schema,” “body image,” and “affordances.” Applying these concepts helps to illuminate the temporal, spatial, and perceptual world of people encountering discrepancy between perception and reality because of disease—a discrepancy seen in hemi-spatial neglect. Concepts to capture the multifaceted challenges that occur under these circumstances are lacking. Systematically incorporating the aforementioned concepts might help to advance phenomenological research and articulate these difficulties. We propose suggestions on data generation to reveal situated, meaning-infused, embodied experiences in patients with hemi-spatial neglect. The need to step beyond the privileged emphasis on interviews, toward experimenting with other approaches of data collection, is underscored.
BennerP. (1994). Interpretive phenomenology: Embodiment, caring, and ethics in health and illness. London: Sage.
2.
BermudezJ. L. (2005). The phenomenology of bodily awareness. In SmithD. W.ThomassonA. L. (Eds.), Phenomenology and philosophy of mind (pp. 295–316). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3.
BiordiD. L. (2009). Body image. In LarsenP. DLubbinI. M. (Eds.), Chronic illness: Impact and intervention (pp. 117–138). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
CarelH. (2011). Phenomenology and its application in medicine. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 32, 33–46. doi:10.1007/s11017-010-9161-x
6.
ClarkA. (2012). Perception, action and experience: Unravelling the golden braid. In GangopadhyayN.MandaryM.SpicerF. (Eds.), Perception, action, and consciousness: Sensorimotor dynamics and two visual systems (pp. 51–68). New York: Oxford University Press.
7.
ColeJ. (1995). Pride and a daily marathon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
8.
ColombettiG.RatcliffeM. (2012). Bodily feeling in depersonalization: A phenomenological account. Emotion Review, 4(2), 145–150. doi:10.1177/1754073911430131
9.
CotrellV.SchulzR. (1993). The perspectives of the patient with Alzheimer’s disease: A neglected dimension of dementia research. Gerontologist, 33(2), 205–211. doi:10.1093/geront/33.2.205
10.
CutcliffeJ. R.HarderH. G. (2009). The perceptual search for parsimony: Enhancing the epistemological and practical utility of qualitative research findings. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, 1401–1410. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.05.005
de PreesterH.TsakirisM. (2009). Body extension versus body incorporation: Is there a need for a body model?Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 8, 307–319. doi:10.1007/s11097-009-9121-y
DohnN. B. (2009). Affordances revisited: Articulating a Merleau-Pontian view. Computer Supported Learning, 4, 151–170. doi:10.1007/s11412-009-9062-z
15.
FuchsT. (2005). Corporalized and disembodied minds: A phenomenological view of the body in melancholia and schizophrenia. Philosophy, Psychiatry & Psychology, 12(2), 95–107. doi:10.1353/ppp.2005.0040
16.
FuchsT.SattelH. C.HenningsenP. (2010). The embodied self: Dimensions, coherence and disorders. Stuttgard, Germany: Schattauer.
17.
GallagherS. (2005). How the body shapes the mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
18.
GallagherS.ZahaviD. (2012). The phenomenological mind (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
GibsonJ. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. New York: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
21.
GibsonJ. J.KaplanG. A.ReynoldsH. E. N.WheelerK. (1969). The change from visible to invisible: A study of optical transitions. Perception and Psychophysics, 5, 113–116.
22.
HeftH. (2003). Affordances, dynamic experience, and the challenge of reification. Ecological Psychology, 15(2), 149–180. doi:10.1207/S15326969ECO1502_4
23.
HeilmanK. M. (2009). Right hemisphere neurobehavioral syndromes. In SteinJ.HarveyR. L.MackoR. F.WinsteinC. J.ZorowitzR. D. (Eds.), Stroke recovery and rehabilitation (pp. 201–213). New York: Demos Medical.
24.
HusserlE. (1954/1970). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology: An introduction to phenomenological philosophy (CarrD., Trans,). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
25.
HusserlE. (2002). Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy (2nd ed.). (RojcewiczR.SchuwerA., Trans,). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
26.
KvaleS.BrinkmannS. (2009). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
27.
MacIntyreA. (1981). After virtue: A study in moral theory. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
28.
Merleau-PontyM. (1945/2012). Phenomenology of perception (LandesD. A., Trans.). London: Routledge.
29.
MunhallA. (2003). In the field: Notes on observation in qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(3), 306–313. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02514.x
30.
NielJ. A.BarrellL. M. (1998). Transition theory and its relevance to people with chronic wounds. Rehabilitation Nursing, 23(6), 295–230. doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.1998.tb01808
31.
NorlykA.HarderI. (2010). What makes a phenomenological study phenomenological? An analysis of peer-reviewed empirical nursing studies. Qualitative Health Research, 20, 420–431. doi:10.1177/1049732309357435
32.
OfeiM. D.RobinsonR. G.PrigatanoG. P.StarksteinS.RüschN.BriaP.SpallettaG. (2007). Anosognosia for hemiplegia after stroke is a multifaceted phenomenon: A systematic review of the literature. Brain, 130, 3075–3090. doi:10.1093/brain/awm106
33.
PriceB. (1990). A model for body-image care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15(5), 585–593. doi:10.1111/1365-2648.ep8530452
34.
RobertsonI. H.HalliganP. W. (1999). Spatial neglect: A clinical handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Hove, United Kingdom: Psychology Press.
SilvermanD. (1998). The quality of qualitative health research: The open ended interview and its alternatives. Social Sciences in Health, 4(2), 104–118.
38.
SundinK.JanssonL.NorbergA. (2002). Understanding between care providers and patients with stroke and aphasia: A phenomenological hermeneutic inquiry. Nursing Inquiry, 9(2), 93–103. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1800.2002.00135.x
39.
SunvissonH.HabermannBWeissS.BennerP. (2009). Augmenting the Cartesian medical discourse with an understanding of the person’s lifeworld, lived body, life story, and social identity. Nursing Philosophy, 10, 241–252. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2009.00413.x
40.
ThamK.BorellL.GustavssonA. (2000). The discovery of disability: A phenomenological study of unilateral neglect. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(4), 398–406. doi:10.5014/ajot.54.4.398
41.
ThamK.KielhofnerG. (2003). Impact of the social environment on occupational experience and performance among persons with unilateral neglect. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57(4), 403–412. doi:10.5014/ajot.57.4.403
42.
ToombsS. K. (1988). Illness and the paradigm of the lived body. Theoretical Medicine, 9, 201–226.
43.
van ManenM. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. New York: SUNY Press.
44.
ZahaviD. (2003). Husserl’s phenomenology. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
45.
ZahaviD. (2008). Subjectivity and selfhood: Investigating the first-person perspective. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
46.
ZahaviD. (2010). Minimal self and narrative self: A distinction in need for refinement. In FuchsT.SattelH. C.HenningsenP. (Eds.), The embodied self: Dimensions, coherence and disorders (pp. 3–11). Stuttgard, Germany: Schattauer.
