The most concerning issue affecting the quality of practices and policies in the helping professions is the play of propaganda, which misleads us regarding what is a problem, how (or if) it can be detected, its causes, and how (or if) it can be remedied. Propaganda is defined as encouraging beliefs and actions with the least thought possible. Censorship is integral to propaganda including hiding well-argued alternatives and lack of evidence for claims. Evidence-based practice was developed in part because of misleading claims in the professional literature. If propaganda is an integral part of our society, we cannot escape its influence. But we can become aware of it, encouraged by ethical obligations to avoid harming in the name of helping.
Altman, D.G. ( 2002). Poor-quality medical research: What can journals do? Journal of the 41-American Medical Association, 287, 2765-2767.
4.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author .
5.
American Psychiatric Association, News Release. ( 2009, February 25). The American Psychiatric Association Phases Out Industry-Supported Symposia. Arlington, VA.
6.
Angell, M. ( 2005). The truth about drug companies: How they deceive us and what to do about it. New York: Random House. (Revised and updated).
7.
Angell, M. ( 2008). Industry sponsored clinical research: A broken system . Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 1069-1071.
8.
Angell, M. ( 2009). Drug companies & doctors: A story of corruption. New York Review of Books, 1/15.
9.
Antonuccio, D.O., Burns, D.D., & Danton, W.G. ( 2002). Antidepressants: A triumph of marketing over science . Prevention & Treatment, 5 (Article 25). Posted July 15, 2002.
10.
Antonuccio, D.O., & Healy, D. ( 2009). (Letter). Stealth advertising and academic stalking. British Medical Journal, 338, 968.
11.
Barkley, R.A., Cook, E.H., Diamond, A., Zametkin, A., Thapar, A., Teeter, A., et al. (2002). International Consensus Statement on ADHD . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5, 89-111.
12.
Bass, A. ( 2008). Side effects: A prosecutor, a whistleblower, and a bestselling antidepressant on trial. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books.
13.
Bauer, H. ( 2001). Fatal attractions: The troubles with science. New York: Paraview Press.
14.
Baughman, F.A., & Hovey, C. ( 2006). The ADHD fraud: How psychiatry makes ‘‘patients’’ of normal children. Victoria, BC: Trafford.
15.
Bausell, R.B. ( 2007). Snake oil science: The truth about complementary and alternative medicine. New York: Oxford.
16.
Bennett, B.S., & O’Rourke, S.P. (2006). A prolegomenon to the future study of rhetoric and propaganda. In G. S. Jowett & V. O’Donnell (Eds.), Readings in propaganda and persuasion: New and Classic essays (pp. 51-71). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
17.
Bernays, E.L. ( 1923). Crystallizing public opinion. New York: Boni & Liveright.
18.
Bernays, E.L. ( 1928). Propaganda. New York: Liveright.
19.
Best, J. ( 2001). Dammed lies & statistics: Untangling numbers from the media, politicians & activists. Berkeley: University of California Press.
20.
Boynton, P.M., Shaw, S., & Callaghan, W. ( 2004). How PR firms use research to sell products. British Medical Journal, 28, 530.
21.
Boyle, M. ( 2002). Schizophrenia: A scientific definition? (2nd ed.). London: Routledge .
22.
Braddock, C.H., Edwards, K.A., Hasenberg, N.M., Laidley, T.L., & Levinson, W. ( 1999). Informed decision making in outpatient practice. Time to get back to basics. Journal of the American Medical Association , 282, 2313-2320.
23.
Brody, H. ( 2007). Hooked: Ethics, the medical profession and pharmaceutical industry. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
24.
Brown, P., & Funk, S.C. ( 1986). Tardive dyskinesia: Barriers to the professional recognition of an iatrogenic disease. Journal of Health & Social Behavior , 27, 116-132.
25.
Busch, R.S. ( 2008). Healthcare fraud: Auditing and detection guide. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
26.
Caplan, P.J. ( 1995). They say you’re crazy: How the world’s most powerful psychiatrists decide what’s normal. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
27.
Caplan, P.J., & Cosgrove, L. ( 2004). Bias in psychiatric diagnosis. LanhanJason Aronson.
28.
Carey, B. & Harris, G. ( 2008). Psychiatric Association Faces Senate Scrutiny over drug industry ties. New York Times, 7/12/078, A13.
29.
Chalmers, I. ( 1983). Scientific inquiry and authoritarianism in perinatal care and education. Birth, 10, 151-166.
30.
Cialdini, R.B. ( 2009). Influence: Science and practice (5th ed.). Pearson education.
31.
Combs, J.E., & Nimmo, D. ( 1993). The new propaganda: The dictatorship of palaver in contemporary politics. New York: Longman.
32.
Conrad, P. ( 2007). The medicalization of society: On the transformation of human conditions into treatable disorders. Baltimore , MD: John Hopkins University Press.
33.
Cosgrove, L., Bursztajn, H.J., Krimsky, S., Anaya, M., & Walker, J. ( 2009). Conflicts of interest and disclosure in the American Psychiatric Association’s clinical practice guidelines. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 228-232.
34.
Cunningham, S.B. ( 2002). The idea of propaganda: A reconstruction. Westport, CT: Praeger.
35.
Damer, T.E. ( 2005). Attacking faulty reasoning: A practical guide to fallacy-free arguments (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
36.
Dawes, R.M. ( 2001). Everyday irrationality: How pseudoscientists, lunatics and the rest of us systematically fail to think rationally. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
37.
Double, D.B. ( 2006). Critical psychiatry: The limits of madness. New York: Palgrave.
38.
Dunning, D., Heath, C., & Suls, J.M. ( 2004). Flawed self-assessment. Implications for health, education and the work place. Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 5, 69-106.
39.
El-hai, J. ( 2005). The lobotomist: A maverick medical genius and his tragic guest to rid the world of mental illness. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
40.
Elliott, D., & Chambers, T. (Eds.). (2004). Prozac as a way of life . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
41.
Ellul, J. ( 1964). The technological society. New York : Vintage Books.
42.
Ellul, J. ( 1965). Propaganda: The formation of men’s attitudes. New York: Vintage.
43.
Engel, S.M. ( 1994). With good reason: An introduction to informal fallacies (5th ed.). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
44.
Evans, I., Thornton, H., & Chalmers, J. ( 2006). Testing treatments: Better research for better healthcare . London: The British Library.
45.
Florini, A. (Ed.). (2007). The right to know: Transparency for an open world. New York : Columbia.
46.
Frankfurt, H.G. ( 1986). On bullshit. Raritan, 6, 81-100.
47.
Frankfurt, H.G. ( 2005). On bullshit. Princeton University Press.
48.
Freire, P. ( 1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Continuum.
49.
Frosch, D.L., Krueger, P.M., Hornik, R.C., Cronholm, P.F., & Barg, F.K. ( 2007). Creating demand for prescription drugs: A content analysis of television direct-to-consumer advertising. Annals of Family Medicine, 5, 6-13.
50.
Gambrill, E. ( 1997). Social work education: Possible futures. In M. Reisch & E. Gambrill (Eds.), Social work in the 21st century (pp. 317-327). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
51.
Gambrill, E. ( 2005). Critical thinking in clinical practice: Improving the quality of judgments and decisions (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley.
52.
Gambrill, E. ( 2006). Evidence-based practice: Choices ahead. Research on Social Work Practice, 16, 338-357.
53.
Gambrill, E., & Gibbs, L.E. ( 2009). Critical thinking for the helping professions: A skills-based workbook (3rd ed.). New York : Oxford University Press.
54.
Gandhi, A.G., Murphy-Graham, E., Petrosino, A., Chrismer, S.S., & Weiss, C.H. ( 2007). The devil is in the details. Evaluation Review, 31, 43-74.
55.
Gibbs, L., & Gambrill, E. ( 2002). Evidence-based practice: Counter-arguments to objections . Research on Social Work Practice, 12, 452-476.
56.
Gigerenzer, G. ( 2002). Calculated risks: how to know when numbers deceive you . New York: Simon & Schuster .
57.
Goffman, E. ( 1961). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. New York: Doubleday .
58.
Gorman, D.M., & Huber, J.C. ( 2009). The social construction of ‘‘evidence-based’’ drug prevention programs: A reanalysis of data from the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) Program. Evaluation Review, 33, 396-414.
59.
Gornall, J. ( 2009). Industry attack on academics. British Medical Journal, 338, b736.
60.
Gøtzsche, P.C., Hartling, O.J., Nielsen, M., Brodersen, J., & Jørgensen, K.J. (2009). Analysis: Breast screening: The facts or maybe not. British Medical Journal, 338:b86.
61.
Gray, J.A.M. ( 2001a). Evidence-based medicine for professionals. In A. Edwards & G. Elwyn (Eds.), Evidence-based patient choice: Inevitable or impossible? (pp. 19-33). New York: Oxford University Press.
62.
Gray, J.A.M. ( 2001b). Evidence-based health care: How to make health policy and management decisions. New York: Churchill Livingston.
63.
Greenhalgh, T. ( 2006). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine (3rd ed.). London: BMJ Press.
64.
Hadler, N.M. ( 2004). The last well person: How to stay well despite the health-care system. Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
65.
Harris, G. ( 2004). At F. D. A., strong drug ties and less marketing. New York Times, 12/6/04.
66.
Harris, G. ( 2009, October 22). Drug makers are advocacy group’s biggest donors. The New York Times.
67.
Harris, G., & Carey, B. ( 2008, June 8). Researchers fail to reveal full drug pay. New York Times.
68.
Hastie, R., & Dawes, R. ( 2001). Rational choice in an uncertain world: The psychology of judgment and decision making. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
69.
Healy, D. ( 2004). Let them eat Prozac: The unhealthy relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and depression. New York: New York University Press.
70.
Hilgartner, S. ( 2000). Science on stage: Expert advice as public drama. CA: Stanford University Press.
71.
Horowitz, A.V., & Wakefield, J.C. (2007). The loss of sadness: How psychiatry transformed normal sorrow into depressive disorder. New York: Oxford University Press.
72.
Illich, I. ( 1976). Medical nemesis: The expropriation of health. New York: Random House.
73.
Illouz, E. ( 2008). Saving the modern soul: Therapy, emotions, and the culture of self-help. Berkeley: University of California Press.
74.
Ioannidis, J.P.A. ( 2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine, 2, e124.
75.
Jacobson, J. W., Foxx., R. M. & Mulick, J. A. (Eds.). (2005). Controversial therapies for developmental disabilities: Fad, fashion, and science in professional practice. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
76.
Janicek, M., & Hitchcock, D.L. (2005). Evidence-based practice: Logic and critical thinking in medicine. Chicago: American Medical Association.
77.
Janis, I.L. ( 1982). Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy, decisions and fiascos (2nd ed.). Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
78.
Jarvis, W.T. ( 1990). Dubious dentistry: A dental continuing education course . Loma Linda, CA: Loma Linda University School of Dentistry.
79.
Jørgensen, K.J., & Gøtzsche, P.C. (2004). Presentation on websites of possible benefits and harms from screening for breast cancer. Cross sectional study. British Medical Journal, 328, 148-155.
80.
Jowett, G., & O’Donnell, V. (2006). Propaganda and persuasion (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA : SAGE.
81.
Kassirer, J.P. ( 2005). On the take: How medicine’s complicity with big business can endanger your health. New York: Oxford University Press.
82.
Katz, M.B. ( 1989). The undeserving poor: From the war on poverty to the war on welfare. New York: Pantheon .
83.
Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O., & Walters, E.E. ( 2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 612-627.
84.
Kirk, S.A. ( 2004). Are children’s DSM diagnoses accurate?Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 4, 255-270.
85.
Kluger, M.P., Alexander, G., & Curtis, P.A. ( 2002). What works in child welfare. Washington, DC: CWLA Press.
86.
Kohn, L.T., Corrigan, J.M., & Donaldson, M.S. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
87.
Krimsky, S. ( 2003). Science in the private interest: Has the lore of profits corrupted biomedical research?Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
88.
Kutchins, H., & Kirk, S.A. ( 1997). Making us crazy: DSM: The psychiatric bible and the creation of mental disorders. New York: Free Press.
89.
LaCasse, J.R., & Gomory, T. ( 2003). Is graduate social work education promoting a critical approach to mental health practice? Journal of Social Work Education, 39, 383-408.
90.
LaCasse, J.R., & Leo, J. ( 2005). Serotonin and depression: A disconnect between the advertisements and the scientific literature. PLoS Medicine, 2, e392.
91.
Lane, C. ( 2007). Shyness: How normal behavior became a sickness. New Haven: Yale University Press.
92.
Larson, M.S. ( 1977). The rise of professionalism: A sociological analysis . Berkeley: University of California Press.
93.
Lazarou, J., Pomeranz, B.H., & Corey, P.N. ( 1998). Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis and prospective study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279, 1200-1205.
94.
Leape, L.L., & Berwick, D.M. ( 2005). Five years after To Err Is Human: What have we learned ? Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 2384-2390.
95.
Leo, J. ( 2009). JAMA, free speech, and conflicts of interest. Society, 46, 472-476.
96.
Lenzer, J. ( 2004). Secret US report surfaces on antidepressants in children . British Medical Journal, 329, 307.
97.
Leo, J., & Cohen, D. ( 2003). Broken brains or flawed studies? A critical review of ADHD Neuroimaging research. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 24, 29-56.
98.
Leo, J., & LaCasse, T. ( 2009). (Letter) Clinical trials of therapy versus medication: Even in a tie, Medication wins. British Medical Journal, March 5, 2009.
99.
Lilienfeld, S.O., Lynn, S.J., & Lohr, J.M. ( 2003). Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology. New York: Guilford.
100.
Littell, J.H. ( 2005). Lessons from a systematic review of effects of multisystemic therapy. Children and Youth Services Review, 27, 445.
101.
Littell, J.H. ( 2006). The case for multisystemic therapy: Evidence or orthodoxy ? Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 458-472.
102.
Lo, B., & Field, M. J. (Eds.). (2009). Conflict of interest in medial research, education and practice. Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
103.
Lock, S., Wells, F., & Farthing, M. ( 2001). Fraud and misconduct in biomedical research (3rd ed.). London: BMJ Books.
104.
Loeske, D.R. ( 1999). Thinking about social problems: An introduction to constructionist perspectives. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
105.
Lumley, F.E. ( 1933). The propaganda menace. New York: Century Co.
106.
MacCoun, R. ( 1998). Biases in the interpretation and use of research results . Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 259-287.
107.
Marchand, R. ( 1985). Advertising the American dream: Making way for modernity 1920:1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
108.
Margolin, L. ( 1997). Under the cover of kindness: The invention of social work. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
109.
McCabe, D.P., & Castel, A.D. ( 2008). Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgment of scientific reasoning. Cognition, 107, 343-352.
110.
McCoy, R. ( 2000). Quack! Tales of medical fraud from the museum of questionable medical devices. CA: Santa Monica Press.
111.
McLuhan, M. ( 1951). The mechanical bride: Folklore of industrial man. Boston: Beacon Press.
112.
Medawar, C., & Hardon, A. ( 2004). Medicines out of control? Antidepressants and the conspiracy of goodwill. The Netherlands: Aksant.
113.
Midanik, L. ( 2006). Ideological shifts and institutional challenges. The biomedicalization of alcohol studies. New Brunswick, NJ : Aldine/Transaction.
114.
Moncrieff, J. ( 2008). The myth of the chemical cure: A critique of psychiatric drug treatment. New York: Palgrave .
115.
Moynihan, R. ( 2003). The making of a disease: Female sexual dysfunction. British Medical Journal, 326, 45-47.
116.
Moynihan, R. ( 2009). News. Court hears how drug giant Merck tried to ‘‘neutralize’’ and ‘‘discredit’’ doctors critical of Vioxx. British Medical Journal, 338:b1432.
117.
Moynihan, R., & Cassels, A. ( 2005). Selling sickness: How the world’s biggest pharmaceutical companies are turning us all into patients. New York: Nation Books.
118.
Narrow, W.E., Rae, D.S., Robins, L.N., & Regier, D.A. ( 2002). Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: Using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys’ estimates. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 115-123.
119.
Nathan, P.E., & Gorman, J.M. ( 2007). A guide to treatments that work (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
120.
Norcross, J. C., Beutler, L. E. & Levant, R. F. (Eds.). (2006). Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
121.
Paling, J. ( 2006). Helping patients understand risks: 7 simple strategies for successful communication. Gainsville, FL: The Risk Communication Institute.
122.
Patton, B.M. ( 2000). Truth, knowledge or just plain bull: How to tell the difference. Amherst, NY: Prometheus .
123.
Paul, R.W., & Elder, L. ( 2002). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
124.
Paul, R.W., Elder, L., & Bartell, J. ( 1997, March). California teacher preparation for instruction in critical thinking: Research findings and policy recommendations. Sacramento, CA: California Commission on Teacher Credentialing .
125.
Payer, L. ( 1992). Disease mongers: How doctors, drug companies, and insurers are making you feel sick. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
126.
Petersen, M. ( 2008). Our daily meds: How the pharmaceutical companies transformed themselves into slick marketing machines and hooked the nation on prescription drugs. New York: Picador.
127.
Petrosino, A., Turpin-Petrosino, C., & Finckenauer, J.O. (2000). Well-meaning programs can have harmful effects! Lessons from experiments of programs such as Scared Straight. Crime & Delinquency, 46, 354-379.
128.
Pfohl, S. ( 1994). Images of deviance and social control: A sociological history (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
129.
Porter, R. ( 2000). Quacks: Fakers & charlatans in English medicine. Charleston, SC: Tempus.
130.
Pratkanis, A.R., & Aronson, E. ( 2001). Age of propaganda: The everyday use and abuse of persuasion (Revised Edition). New York: Owl Books.
131.
Proctor, R. N., & Schiebinger, L. (Eds.). (2008). Agnotology: The making and unmaking of ignorance. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
132.
Prounis, C. ( 2004). The art of advertorial. Pharmaceutical Executive, 24, 152-159.
133.
Rabin, R.C. ( 2009, March 31). Benefits of mammogram under debate in Britain . New York Times.
134.
Rank, H. ( 1994). The pep talk: How to analyze political language. Park Forest, IL: Counter-Propaganda Press.
135.
Renner, C.H. ( 2004). Validity effect. In R. F. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive illusions: A handbook on fallacies and biases in thinking, judgment and memory (pp. 201-213). New York: Psychology Press.
136.
Rothman, D.J., McDonald, W.J., Berkowitz, C.D., Chimonas, S.C., DeAngelis, C.D., Hale, R., et al. (2009). Professional medical associations and their relationships with industry. The Journal of the American Medical Association , 301, 1367-1372.
137.
Routzahn, M.S. ( 1920). Traveling publicity campaigns. New York: Russell SAGE Foundation.
138.
Rubin, A., & Parrish, D. ( 2007). Problematic phrases in the conclusions of published outcome studies: Implications for evidence-based practice. Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 592-602.
139.
Sackett, D.L., Richardson, W.S., Rosesnberg, W., & Haynes, R.B. ( 1997). Evidence-based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM . New York: Churchill Livingston .
140.
Scull, A. ( 2005). Madhouse: A tragic role of megalomania and modern medicine . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
141.
Sharpe, V.A., & Faden, A.I. ( 1998). Medical harm: Historical, conceptual, and ethical dimensions of iatrogenic illness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
142.
Singer, N. ( 2009). Doctor gifts to be public in Vermont. New York Times, 5/20, B1/10.
143.
Skinner, B.F. ( 1953). Science and human behavior. New York : Macmillan.
144.
Skrabanek, P., & McCormick, J. ( 1998). Follies and fallacies in medicine (3rd ed.). Whithorn: Tarragon Press .
145.
Smith, R. ( 2006). Peer review: A flawed process at the heart of science and journals. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 99, 178-182.
146.
Sparrow, M.K. ( 2000). License to steal: How fraud bleeds America’s health care system. Boulder, CO: Westview .
147.
Stein, R. ( 2007). Doctor says Avandia makers intimated him. The Washington Post, 6/7, p. A06.
148.
Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.). (2002). Why smart people can be so stupid. New Haven: Yale University Press.
149.
Straus, S.E., Richardson, W.C., Glasziou, P., & Haynes, R.B. ( 2005). Evidence-based medicine: How to practice and teach EBM (3rd ed.). New York: Churchill Livingstone.
150.
Summerfield, D. ( 2001). The invention of post-traumatic stress disorder and the social usefulness of a psychiatric category. British Medical Journal, 322, 95-98.
151.
Summerfield, D. ( 2002). Selling sickness: The pharmaceutical industry and disease mongering. British Medical Journal, 324, 914.
152.
Summerfield, D. ( 2008). How scientifically valid is the knowledge base of global mental health? British Medical Journal, 336, 992-994.
153.
Sweeney, H.M. ( 1997). Twenty-five ways to suppress truth: The rules of disinformation .
154.
Szasz, T.S. ( 1987). Insanity: The idea and its consequences. New York: John Wiley.
155.
Szasz, T.S. ( 1994). Cruel compassion: Psychiatric control of society’s unwanted. New York: John Wiley.
156.
Tanne, J.H. ( 2008). US medical schools should say no to pharma support. British Medical Journal, 336, 1035.
157.
Tice, K.W. ( 1998). Tales of wayward girls and immoral women: Case records and the professionalization of social work. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
158.
Timini, S. ( 2002). Pathological child psychiatry and the medicalization of childhood. London: Brunner/ Routledge.
159.
Transformative Neurodevelopmental Research in Mental Illness. (2008). Report of the National Advisory Mental Health Council’s Workgroup on neurodevelopment distributed at Conference on Adolescent Psychopathology. Madison, WI, April 2009.
160.
Tuffs, A. ( 2004). Only 6% of drug advertising material is supported by evidence. British Medical Journal, 328, 485.
161.
Tufte, E. ( 2007). Beautiful evidence. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
162.
Turner, E.H., Matthews, A.M., Linardatos, E., Tell, R.A., & Rosenthal, R. ( 2008). Selective publications of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 252-260.
163.
Valenstein, E.S. ( 1986). Great and desperate cures: The rise and decline of psychosurgery and other radical treatments for mental illness. New York : Perseus Books.
164.
Vul, E., Harris, C., Winkielman, P., & Pashler, H. ( 2009). Puzzlingly high correlations in fMRI studies of emotion, personality and social cognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 274-290.
165.
Walton, D. ( 2008). Informal logic: A pragmatic approach (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
166.
Watson, R. ( 2008). New law bans selling of products with unjustified health claims. British Medical Journal, 336, 1150.
167.
Wampold, B.E., Imel, Z.E., & Miller, S.D. ( 2009). Barriers to the dissemination of empirically supported treatments: Matching messages to the evidence. The Behavior Therapist, 10, 144-155.
168.
Welch, H.G. ( 2004). Should I be tested for cancer? maybe not and here’s why. Berkeley: University of California Press.
169.
Wilkes, M.S., & Hoffman, J.R. ( 2001). An innovative approach to educating medical students about pharmaceutical promotion. Academic Medicine, 76, 1271-1277.
170.
Williamson, J. ( 2002). Decoding advertisements: Ideology and meaning in advertising . New York: Marion Boyars.
171.
Winocur, M., Holtan, A., & Valentine, D. ( 2008). Kinship care for the safety, permanency and well-being of children removed from the home for maltreatment. CC1 and CC2 Systematic Review (co-registered).
172.
Wofford, J.L., & Ohl, C.A. ( 2005). Teaching appropriate interactions with pharmaceutical company representatives: The impact of an innovative workshop on students attitudes. BMC Medical Education, 5, 5.
173.
Young, J.H. ( 1992). American health quackery. Princeton, NJ: Prentice University Press.
