Vocal Development in General Music

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Brophy, T.S. 1997. Authentic assessment of vocal pitch accuracy in first through third grade children. Contributions to Music Education 24(1): 57—70.

Clayton, [TBD]. 1986. An investigation of a simultaneous pitch stimulus on vocal pitch accuracy. Unpublished master's thesis, Indiana University , Bloomington.

Clegg, B.W. 1966. A comparative study of primary grade children's ability to match tones. Unpublished master's thesis. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Conkling, S.W. and W. Henry. 1999. Professional development partnerships: A new model for music teacher preparation. Arts Education Policy Review 100 (4): 19—23.

Dunne-Sousa, D. 1990. The effect of speech rhythm, melody, and movement on song identification and performance of preschool children. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Music Educators National Conference , Washington, DC.

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Goetze, M. 1985. Factors affecting accuracy in children's singing. Dissertation Abstracts International 46: 2955.

Gordon, E.E. 1990. A music learning theory for newborn and young children . Chicago: G.I.A. Publications.

Gould, A.O. 1969. Developing specialized programs for singing in the elementary school. Bulletin of the Council of Research in Music Education , No. 17, 9—22.

Green, G.A. 1990. The effect of vocal modeling on pitch-matching accuracy of elementary schoolchildren. Journal of Research in Music Education 38, 225—31.

Green, G.A. 1994. Unison versus individual singing and elementary students' vocal pitch accuracy. Journal of Research in Music Education 42, 105—14.

Hendley, J.A. , and D.C. Persellin. 1996. How the lower adult male voice and the male falsetto voice affect children's vocal accuracy. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 14(2): 9—14.

Jones, M. 1971. A pilot study using a vertical-keyboard instrument with the uncertain singer. Journal of Research in Music Education 19 (1): 183—94.

Levinowitz, L.M. 1987. An experimental study of the comparative effects of singing songs with words and without words on children in kindergarten and first grade . Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Dissertation Abstracts International 48:863A.

Moog, H. 1976. The development of musical experience in children of pre-school age. Psychology of Music 4, 38—45.

Nye , R.V. , and V.T. Nye. 1970. Music in the elementary school. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Roberts, E. , and A. Davies. 1976. A method of extending the vocal range of “monotone” school children. Psychology of Music 4, 29—43.

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Seidenberg, F.P.D. 1986. Students' preferences and attitudes toward music in school. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor.

Sims, W.L. , R.S. Moore , and T.L. Kuhn. 1982. Effects of female and male vocal stimuli, tonal pattern length and age on vocal pitch-matching abilities of young children from England and the United States. Psychology of Music, Special Issue: Proceedings of the IX International Seminar on Research in Music Education, 104—08.

Smith, R.B. 1963. The effect of group vocal training on the singing abilities of kindergarten through third-grade children. Journal of Research in Music Education 11, 137—41.

Taebel, D.K. , and J.G. Coker. 1980. Teaching effectiveness in elementary classroom music: Relationships among competency measures, pupil product measures, and certain attribute variables. Journal of Research in Music Education 28, 250—65.

Tatem, F.L. 1990. Effects of selected timbres, tasks, grade level, and grade level on vocal pitch-matching accuracy of nursery school children. University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Dissertation Abstracts International 51:3009A.

Young, W.T. 1971. An investigation of the singing abilities of kindergarten and first-grade children in East Texas. ERIC EDO 69431.