Management simulations are widely used in industry for training and development and for encouraging a top management perspective. This article discusses several questions related to the administration and educational effectiveness of simulations from the perspective of a corporate facilitator and the experience of 15 classes using a total enterprise game. Observations about value, team size and selection, number of sessions, the role of the facilitator, and model design are offered, leading to a discussion about the need for industry and academic game users to collaborate on the major research questions.
Brooks, J.
(1975). The mythical man month. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2.
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LABORATORY (BML). Jensen, R. L., & Cherrington, D. J. (1977). Dallas, TX: Business Publications.
3.
THE BUSINESS POLICY GAME. Cotter, R. V., & Fritzsche, D. (1986). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4.
Cangelosi, V. E.
, & Dill, W. R. (1965). Organizational learning: Observations toward a theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 10(4), 175-203.
5.
Certo, S. C.
(1976). The experiential exercise situation: A comment on instructional role and pedagogy evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 1(3), 113-116.
6.
CORPORATION. Smith, J. R., & Golden, P. A. (1989). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
7.
Faria, A. J.
(1989). Business gaming: Current usage levels. Journal of Management Development, 8(2), 207-223.
8.
Gentry, J. W.
(1980). Group size and attitudes toward the simulation experience. Simulation & Games, 11(4), 451-460.
9.
Gold, S. C.
, & Pray, T. F. (1984). Modeling market- and firm-level demand functions in computerized business simulations. Simulation & Games, 15(3), 346-363.
10.
Gold, S. C.
, & Pray, T. F. (1989). The production frontier. Modeling production in computerized business simulations. Simulation & Games, 20(3), 300-318.
11.
Gordon, J.
(1985). Games managers play. Training, 22, July, 30-47.
12.
Hand, H. H.
, & Sims, Jr., H. P. (1975). Statistical evaluation of complex gaming performance. Management Science, 21(6), 708-717.
13.
Hogarth, R. M.
, & Makridakis, S. (1981). The value of decision making in a complex environment: An experimental approach. Management Science, 27(1), 93-107.
14.
INTOP (International Operations Simulation). Thorelli, H. B., & Graves, R. L. (1989). Bloomington: Indiana University.
15.
Keys, B.
, & Wolfe, J. (1990). The role of management games and simulations in education and research. Journal of Management, 16(2), 307-336.
16.
Lang, J. R.
, & Dittrich, J. E. (1982). Information, skill building, and the development of competence: An educational framework for teaching business policy. Academy of Management Review, 7(2), 269-279.
17.
LOOKING GLASS, INC.Lombardo, M.
, McCall, M., & DeVries, D. (1976). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
18.
MANAGER 1k: A SIMULATION. Smith, J. R. (1984). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
19.
MARKSTRAT: A marketing strategy game. Lafreche, J. C., & Gatignon, H. (1977). Palo Alto, CA: Scientific Press.
20.
Mittroff, I. I.
, & Emshoff, J. R. (1979). On strategic assumption-making: A dialectical approach to policy and planning. Academy of Management Review, 4(1), 1-12.
21.
Neuhauser, J. J.
(1976). Business games have failed. Academy of Management Review, 1, 124-129.
22.
Pray, T. F.
, & Gold, S. (1991). Goal setting and performance evaluation with different starting positions: The modeling dilemma. Simulation & Gaming, 22(4), 476-489.
23.
Priem, R. L.
(1990). Top management team group factors, consensus, and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 469-478.
24.
Rollier, B.
(1992). The Strategic Management Game: The Products Simulation [Review]. Simulation & Gaming, 23(1), 116-119.
25.
Starbuck, W. H.
, & Kobrow, E. (1966). The effects of advisors on business game teams. The American Behavioral Scientist, 10(11), 28-30.
26.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT GAME (SMG)
. Aronson, M. B., Gekoski, J. H., & Spero, L. L (1987). The Strategic Management Game: The Products Simulation. Philadelphia: Strategic Management Group, Inc.
27.
Sumnmes, B. I.
, & Boyd, C. W. (1985). Comparison of practitioners' and professors' perceptions of business policy content and learning methods. Simulation & Games, 16(4), 7-22.
28.
Teach, R. D.
(1984). Using spatial relationships to estimate demand in business simulations. In D. M. Currie & J. W. Gentry (Eds.), Developments in business simulation and experiential exercises. Stillwater. Oklahoma State University.
29.
Teach, R. D.
(1990). Profits: The false prophet in business gaming. Simulation & Gaming, 21(1), 12-26.
30.
Toffler, A.
(1990). Power shift. New York: Bantam Books.
31.
Wheatley, W. J.
, Hornaday, R. W., & Hunt, T. G. (1988). Developing strategic management goal-setting skills. Simulation & Games, 19(2), 173-185.
32.
Wolfe, J.
(1976). Correlates and measures of the external validity of computer-based business policy decision-making environments. Simulation & Games, 7(4), 411-438.
33.
Wolfe, J.
(1985). The teaching effectiveness of games in collegiate business courses: A 1973-1983 update. Simulation & Games, 16(3), 251-288.
34.
Wolfe, J.
, & Chacko, T. L. (1983). Team-size effects on business game performance and decision-making behaviors. Decision Sciences, 14, 121-133.
35.
Wolfe, J.
, & Guth, G. R. (1975). The case approach versus gaming in the teaching of business policy: An experimental evaluation. The Journal of Business, 48(3), 349-364.
36.
Wolfe, J.
, & Roberts, C. R. (1986). The external validity of a business management game: A five-year longitudinal study. Simulation & Games, 17(1), 45-59.
