This study compares the effects offive 16-hour unstructured marathon groups with the effects of five, matched, randomly selected control groups. The five marathons were compared with the five control groups on a semantic differential that consisted of the specific adjective pairs and the evaluative scale of the concept My Real Self. The marathon group members rated some of the adjectivepairs of My Real Self differently and rated the evaluative scale of My Real Self higher than the control group members.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Brecher, E.M. (and the editors of Consumer Reports). (1972). Licit and illicit drugs. Boston: Little, Brown .
2.
Canadian Government Commission of Inquiry. ( 1970). The non-medical use of drugs: Interim report of the Canadian Government Commission of Inquiry. Ottawa, Canada: Penguin Books.
3.
Carey, J.T., & Mandel, J.A. (1968). A San Francisco Bay Area "speed" scene. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 9, 164-174.
4.
Chambers, J.L. (1972). Need associations of narcotic addicts. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 469-474.
5.
Cohen, S. (1981). The substance abuse problems. New York: Haworth Press.
6.
Craig, R.J. (1979a). Personality characteristics of heroin addicts: A review of the empirical literature—Part 1. The International Journal of the Addictions, 14, 513-532.
7.
Craig, R.J. (1979b). Personality characteristics of heroin addicts: A review of the empirical literature with critique—Part 2. The International Journal of the Addictions,14, 607-626.
8.
Densen-Gerber, J. (1973). We mainline dreams: The Odyssey House story. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
9.
Isaac, S. (1971). Handbook in research and evaluation. San Diego: Robert R. Knapp.
10.
Kerlinger, F.N. (1964). Foundations of behavioral research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
11.
Kroeker, E.E. (1974). Pretesting as a confounding variable in evaluating an encounter group. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, 548-552.
12.
Mitchell, S., & Morris, V. (1981). Dynamics of treatment sociology in therapeutic communities (NIDA Grant 1J8101747. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University.
13.
Osgood, C.E., Suci, G.T., & Tannenbaum, P.H. (1957). The measurement of meaning . Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
14.
Page, R.C. (1979). Developmental stages of unstructured counseling groups with prisoners. Small Group Behavior, 10, 271-279.
15.
Page, R.C. (1980). Marathon groups: Counseling the imprisoned drug abuser. The International Journal of the Addictions, 15, 765-770.
16.
Page, R.C. (1982). Marathon group therapy with users of illicit drugs: Dimensions of social learning. The International Journal of the Addictions, 17, 1107-1115.
17.
Page, R.C. (1983). Marathon group counseling with illicit drug users: A study of the effects of two groups for one month. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 8(3), 114-125.
18.
Page, R.C., & Bridges, N. (1983). Interpersonal relationship styles in marathon group therapy: A study with illicit drug users. Small Group Behavior, 14, 253-259.
19.
Page, R.C., & Kubiak, L. (1978). Marathon groups: Facilitating the personal growth of imprisoned, Black, female heroin abusers. Small Group Behavior , 9, 409-416.
20.
Page, R.C., & Mannion, J. (1980). Marathon group therapy with former drug users . Journal of Employment Counseling, 17, 307-314.
21.
Page, R.C., Mannion, J., & Wattenbarger, W. (1980). Marathon group counseling: A study with imprisoned male former drug users. Small Group Behavior, 11, 399-410.
22.
Page, R.C., & Miehl, H. (1982). Marathon groups: Facilitating the personal growth of male illicit drug users. The International Journal of the Addictions, 17, 393-397.
23.
Page, R.C., & Myrick, R.D. (1977). Perceptions of imprisoned drug abusers: Implications for counseling. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 20, 304-308.
24.
Page, R.C., Stevens, R., & Weber, J. (1982). Attitudes of male illicit drug users and rehabilitation implications. Journal of Offender Counseling, 3, 8-14.
25.
Page, R.C., & Wills, J. (1983). Marathon group counseling with illicit drug users: Analysis of content. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 8, 67-75.
26.
Platt, J.L., & Labate, L. (1976). Heroin addiction: Theory, research, and treatment . New York: John Wiley.
27.
Sheppard, C., Ricca, E., Fracchia, J., & Merlis, S. (1974). Psychological needs of suburban heroin addicts . Journal of Psychology, 87, 123-128.
28.
Smith, R.C. (1970). Compulsive methamphetamine abuse and violence in the Haight-Ashbury district. In E. H. Ellinwood & S. Cohen (Eds.), Current concepts on amphetamine abuse (proceedings of a workshop, Duke University Medical Center, June 5-6, 1970. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
29.
Statistical Analysis System. (1979). SAS user's guide. Cary: NC: SAS Institute.
30.
Whitlock, F.A. (1970). The syndrome of barbiturate dependence. Medical Journal of Australia, 2, 391-396.
