The purpose of this research study was to document, describe, and analyze diverse and universal care patterns for Jordanian women. The authors used a qualitative design of observation-participation and interview data collected from 15 women in two cities and three villages in Jordan over a 4-month period. Methods used incorporated Leininger’s theory of culture care diversity and universality as well as the ethnonursing research method. Themes discovered from the data include (a) culture of caring connectedness, (b) caring for family honor: the agony and the ecstasy, (c) Islam as feminist thought, (d) political care as intertwined with tribal and religious influences, and (e) reviving Rufaida: return to community care. Findings are being used for collaborative curriculum design for new community health nursing roles focusing on women’s health.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Al-Krenawi, A. (1999). Explanation of mental health symptoms by the Bedouin-Arabs of the Negev. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 45(1), 56-64.
2.
Aswad, B. (1974). Arabic-speaking communities in American cities. Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies.
3.
Aswad, B. , & Bilge, B. (1996). Family and gender among American Muslims. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
4.
Bushnaq, N. (1999). Domestic violence and honor crimes in Jordan: Action report for the bilateral committee for the Jordanian Swiss counterpart fund. Unpublished manuscript, The Center of Awareness and Guidance for Families, Zarqa, Jordan.
5.
Cooper, J. , Nettler, R., & Mahmoud, M. (2000). Islam and modernity.New York: I. B. Tauris.
6.
Gordon. N. (2001). Honor killings: An editorial. Iris: A Journal about Women, 42(1), 11-17.
7.
Hattar-Pollara, M. , & Meleis, A. (1995). The stress of immigration and the daily lived experiences of Jordanian immigrant women in the United States. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 17(5), 521-539.
8.
Hourani, A. (1991). A history of the Arab peoples. New York: Warner Books.
9.
Husseini, R. (2000, December 7). Police detain three brothers in suspected “honor crime.”Jordan Times, p. A1.
10.
Jacoby, T. (1999). Feminism, nationalism, and difference: Reflections on the Palestinian women’s movement. Women’s Studies International Forum, 22(5), 511-523.
11.
Jadalla, A. , & Sharaya, H. (1998). A Jordanian view about cancer knowledge and attitudes. Cancer Nursing, 32(4), 269-273.
12.
Jan, R. (1996). Rufaida Al-Asalmiya: The first Muslim nurse. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 28(3), 267-268.
13.
Khalaf, I. , & Callister, L. C. (1997, December). Cultural meanings of child-birth: Muslim women living in Jordan. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 15(4), 373-388.
14.
Khan, M. (1997). The Qu’ran. New York: Olive Branch Press.
15.
Khouri, R. (2000, September). Political economic history of Jordan. Symposium conducted for Fulbright scholars, Amman, Jordan.
16.
Kulwicki, A. (1987). An ethnographic study of illness perceptions and practices of Yemeni Americans. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
17.
Kulwicki, A. (1996). Health issues among Arab Muslim families. In B. C. Aswad & B. Bilge (Eds.), Family and gender among American Muslims (pp. 187-207). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
18.
Kulwicki, A. , & Miller, J. (1998). Domestic violence in the Arab American population: Transforming environmental conditions through community education. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20(3), 199-215.
19.
Kulwicki, A. , Miller, J., & Schim, S. (2000). Collaborative partnership for culture care: Enhancing health services for the Arab community. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 11(1), 31-39.
20.
Leininger, M. (1995). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, research, and practice. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill College Custom Series.
21.
Leininger, M. (1997). Overview of the theory of culture care with the ethnonursing research method. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 8(2), 32-51.
22.
Leininger, M. (2001). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
23.
Luna, L. (1994). Care and cultural context of Lebanese Muslim immigrants with Leininger’s theory. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 5(2), 12-20.
24.
Lundt, J. (1989). Hussein of Jordan. London: Macmillan.
25.
Mernissi, F. (1987). Beyond the veil. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
26.
Mikhail, B. , & Petro-Nustas, W. (2001). Transcultural adaptation of Champion’s health belief model scales. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(2), 159-165.
27.
Miles, M. , & Huberman, A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
28.
Miller, J. (1997). Politics and care: A study of Czech American immigrants. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 9(1), 3-13.
29.
Miller, J. (2001). Women of honor: The face of feminine identity in Jordan. Iris: A Journal About Women, 42(1), 11-17.
30.
Morse, J. (1994). Critical issues in qualitative research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
31.
Muhammad, G. (1999). The tribes of Jordan at the beginning of the 21st century. Hashemite, Jordan: Atalla Design.
32.
Nahas, V. (1999). Postpartum depression among Jordanian Australian women: A transcultural nursing study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 10(1), 31-36.
33.
Naqshabandi, B. (1995). Women’s changing political participation in Jordan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Durham, Durham, UK.
34.
Omeri, A. (1997). Culture care of Iranian immigrants in New South Wales, Australia: Sharing transcultural nursing knowledge. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 8(2), 5-17.
35.
Salibi, K. (1998). The modern history of Jordan. New York: I. B. Tauris.
36.
Sultan, F. (1998). Nursing in Jordan: Development and ambitions. Amman, Jordan: Al-Nejmeh Co.
37.
Zurayk, H. , Sholkamy, H., Younis, N., & Khattab, H. (1997). Women’s health problems in the Arab world: A holistic policy perspective. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 58(1), 13-21.
