Protein N-glycosylation is a metabolic process that has been highly conserved in evolution. In all eukaryotes, N-glycosylation is obligatory for viability. It functions by modifying appropriate asparagine residues of proteins with oligosaccharide structures, thus influencing their properties and bioactivities. N-glycoprotein biosynthesis involves a multitude of enzymes, glycosyltransferases, and glycosidases, encoded by distinct genes. The majority of these enzymes are transmembrane proteins that function in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in an ordered and well-orchestrated manner. The complexity of N-glycosylation is augmented by the fact that different asparagine residues within the same polypeptide may be modified with different oligosaccharide structures, and various proteins are distinguished from one another by the characteristics of their carbohydrate moieties. Furthermore, biological consequences of derivatization of proteins with N-glycans range from subtle to significant. in the past, all these features of N-glycosylation have posed a formidable challenge to an elucidation of the physiological role for this modification. Recent advances in molecular genetics, combined with the availability of diverse in vivo experimental systems ranging from yeast to transgenic mice, have expedited the identification, isolation, and characterization of N-glycosylation genes. As a result, rather unexpected information regarding relationships between N-glycosylation and other cellular functions-including secretion, cytoskeletal organization, proliferation, and apoptosis-has emerged. Concurrently, increased understanding of molecular details of N-glycosylation has facilitated the alignment between N-glycosylation deficiencies and human diseases, and has highlighted the possibility of using N-glycan expression on cells as potential determinants of disease and its progression. Recent studies suggest correlations between N-glycosylation capacities of cells and drug sensitivities, as well as susceptibility to infection. Therefore, knowledge of the regulatory features of N-glycosylation may prove useful in the design of novel therapeutics. While facing the demanding task of defining properties, functions, and regulation of the numerous, as yet uncharacterized, N-glycosylation genes, glycobiologists of the 21st century offer exciting possibilities for new approaches to disease diagnosis, prevention, and cure.
References
1.
Aas-Eng DA, Asheim HC, Deggerdal A., Smeland E., Funderud S. (1995). Characterization of a promoter region supporting transcription of a novel human beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase transcript in HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta1261:166-169.
2.
Abeijon C., Yanagisawa K., Mandon EC, Hausler A., Moremen K., Hirschberg CB, et al. (1993). Guanosine diphosphatase is required for protein and sphingolipid glycosylation in the Golgi lumen of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol122:307-323.
3.
Abeijon C., Robbins PW, Hirschberg CB (1996). Molecular cloning of the Golgi apparatus uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine transporter from Kluyveromyuces lactis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA93:5963-5968.
4.
Aebi M., Gassenhuber J., Domdey H., te Heesen S. (1996). Cloning and characterization of the ALG3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glycobiology6:439-444.
5.
Albright CF, Robbins PW (1990). The sequence and transcript heterogeneity of the yeast gene ALG1, an essential mannosyltransferase involved in N-glycosylation. J Biol Chem265:7042-7049.
6.
Antebi A., Fink GR ( 1992). The yeast Ca2+-ATPase homologue, PMR1, is required for normal Golgi function and localizes in a novel Golgi-like distribution. Mol Cell Biol3:633-654.
7.
Apte SS, Mattei MG, Seldin MF, Olsen BR (1995). The highly conserved defender against the death 1 (DAD1) gene maps to human chromosome 14q11-q12 and mouse chromosome 14 and has plant and nematode homologs. FEBS Lett363:304-306.
8.
Arendt CW, Ostergaard HL (1997). Identification of the CD45-associated 116-kDa and 80-kDa proteins as the alpha- and beta-subunits of alpha-glucosidase II. J Biol Chem272:13117-13125.
9.
Arnold E., Tanner W. (1982). An obligatory role of protein glycosylation in the life of yeast cells. FEBS Lett148:49-53.
10.
Asano M., Furukawa K., Kido M., Matsumoto S., Umesaki Y., Kochibe N., et al. (1997). Growth retardation and early death of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase knockout mice with augmented proliferation and abnormal differentiation of epithelial cells. EMBO J16:1850-1857.
11.
Ballou CE (1990). Isolation, characterization and properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn mutants with non-conditional protein glycosylation defects. Meth Enzymol185:440-470.
12.
Ballou L., Hitzeman RA, Lewis MS, Ballou CE (1991). Vanadate-resistant yeast mutants are defective in protein glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88:3209-3212.
13.
Bardwell L., Cook JG, Inouye CJ, Thorner J. (1994). Signal propagation and regulation in the mating pheromone response pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dev Biol166:363-379.
14.
Barnes G., Hansen W., Holcomb C., Rine J. ( 1984). Asparagine-linked glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic analysis of an early step. Mol Cell Biol4:2381-2338.
15.
Basco RD, Munoz MD, Hernandez LM, Vazquez de Aldana C., Larriba G. (1993). Reduced efficiency in the glycosylation of the first sequon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exoglucanase leads to the synthesis and secretion of a new glycoform of the molecule. Yeast9:221-225.
16.
Bause E., Burback M. (1996). Purification and enzymatic properties of endo-alpha 1,2-mannosidase from pig liver involved in oligosaccharide processing. Biol Chem377:639-646.
17.
Bause E., Erkens R., Schweden J., laenicke L. (1986). Purification and characterization of trimming glucosidase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett206:208-212.
18.
Bause E., Schweden J., Gross A., Orthen B. (1989). Purification and characterization of trimming glucosidase I from pig liver. Eur J Biochem183:661-669.
19.
Bause E., Bieherich E., Rolfs A., Volker C., Schmidt B. (1993). Molecular cloning and primary structure of a Man9mannosidase from human kidney. Eur J Biochem217:535-540.
Behal A., Prakash K., D'Eustachio P., Adesnik M., Sabatini DD, Kreibich G. (1990). Structure and chromosomal location of the rat ribophorin I gene. J Biol Chem265:8252-8258.
22.
Benton BK, Plump SD, Roos J., Lennarz WJ, Cross FR (1996). Overexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1 cyclins restores the viability of algl N-glycosylation mutants. Curr Gen29:106-113.
23.
Berninsone P., Miret JJ, Hirschberg CB (1994). The Golgi guanosine diphosphatase is required for transport of GDP-mannose into the lumen of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Golgi vesicles. J Biol Chem269:207-211.
24.
Bhaumik M., Seldin MF, Stanley P. (1995). Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the mouse Mgat3 gene encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III. Gene164:295-300.
25.
Bird JM, Kimber SS (1984). Oligosaccharides containing fucose linked alpha(1-3) and alpha(1-4) to N-acetylglucosamine cause decompaction of mouse morulae. Dev Biol104:449-460.
26.
Bischoff J., Kornfeld R. (1983). Evidence for an a-mannosidase in endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. J Biol Chem258:7909-7910.
27.
Bischoff J., Kornfeld R. (1986). The soluble form of rat liver a-mannosidase is immunologically related to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane a-mannosidase. J Biol Chem261:4758-4765.
28.
Bischoff I., Liscum L., Kornfeld R. (1986). The use of 1-deoxymannojirimycin to evaluate the role of various a-mannosidases in oligosaccharide processing in intact cells. J Biol Chem261:4766-4774.
29.
Bischoff J., Moremen K., Lodish HF (1990). Isolation, characterization and expression of cDNA encoding a rat liver endoplasmic reticulum α-mannosidase. J Biol Chem265:17110-17117.
30.
Bobek LA, Psai H., Biesbrock AR, Levine MJ (1993). Molecular cloning, sequence and specificity of expression of the gene encoding the low molecular weight human salivary mucin (MUC7). J Biol Chem268:20563-20569.
31.
Bonay P., Hughes RC (1991). Purification and characterization of a novel broad-specificity (α1-2, α1-3, and α1-6) mannosidase from rat liver. Eur J Biochem197:229-238.
32.
Botstein D., Chervitz SA, Cherry JM (1997). Yeast as a model organism. Science277:1259-1260.
33.
Brada D., Dubach UC (1984). Isolation of a homogeneous glucosidase II from pig kidney microsomes. Eur J Biochem141:149-156.
34.
Breuer W., Bause E. (1995). Oligosaccharyl transferase is a constitutive component of an oligomeric protein complex from pig liver endoplasmic reticulum. Eur J Biochem228:689-696.
35.
Burda P., te Heesen S., Brachat A., Wach A., Dusterhoft A., Aebi M. ( 1996). Stepwise assembly of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of the ALG9 gene encoding a putative mannosyl transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA93:7160-7165.
36.
Bussereau F., Mallet L., Gaillon L., Jacquet M. (1993). A 12.8 kb segment, on the right arm of chromosome II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae including part of the DUR1,2 gene, contains five putative new genes. Yeast9:797-806.
37.
Byrd JC, Tarentino AL, Maley F., Atkinson PH, Trimble RB (1982). Glycoprotein synthesis in yeast: identification of Man8GlcNAc2 as an essential intermediate in oligosaccharide processing. J Biol Chem257:14657-14666.
38.
Cameron HS, Szczepaniak D., Weston BW (1995). Expression of human chromosome 19p alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase genes in normal tissues. Alternative splicing, polyadenylation and isoforms. J Biol Chem270:20112-20122.
39.
Camirand A., Heysen A., Grondin B., Herscovics A. (1991). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding a specific processing α-mannosidase. J Biol Chem266:15120-15127.
40.
Carayannopoulos L., Max EE, Capra JD (1994). Recombinant human IgA expressed in insect cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA91:8348-8352.
41.
Chang ML, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Lau JT (1995). Three genes that encode human beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferases. Structural analysis and chromosomal mapping studies. Glycobiology5:319-325.
42.
Chapman TE, Munro S. (1994). The function of the yeast Golgi apparatus requires an ER protein encoded by ANPI, a member of a new family of genes affecting the secretory pathway. EMBO J13:4896-4907.
43.
Charuk JH, Tan J., Bernardini M., Haddad S., Reithmeier RA, laeken J., et al. (1995). Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type II. An autosomal recessive N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II deficiency different from typical, hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity, with a positive acidified-serum lysis test (HEMPAS). Eur J Biochem230:797-805.
44.
Chi JH, Roos J., Dean N. ( 1996). The OST4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an unusually small protein required for normal levels of oligosaccharyltransferase activity. J Biol Chem271:3132-3140.
45.
Chui D., Oh-Eda M., Liao Y.-F, Panneerselvan K., Lal A., Marek KW, et al. (1997). Alpha-mannosidase-11 deficiency results in dyserythropoiesis and unveils an alternate pathway in oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Cell90:157-167.
46.
Clark EA, Brugge IS (1995). Integrins and signal transduction pathways: the road taken. Science268:233-239.
47.
Cohney S., Mouhtouris E., McKenzie IF, Sandrin MS (1996). Molecular cloning of the gene coding for pig alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase. Immunogenetics44:76-79.
48.
Colley KJ (1997). Golgi localization of glycosyltransferases: more questions than answers. Glycobiology7:1-13.
49.
Couto JR, Huffaker TC, Robbins PW (1984). Cloning and expression in E. coli of a yeast mannosyltransferase from the asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway. J Biol Chem259:378-382.
50.
Crimaudo C., Hortsch M., Gausepohl H., Meyer DI (1987). Human ribophorins I and II: the primary structure and membrane topology of two highly conserved rough endoplasmic reticulum-specific glycoproteins. EMBO J6:75-82.
51.
D'Agostaro GA, Zingoni A., Moritz RL, Simpson RJ, Schachter H., Bendiak B. (1995). Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding the rat UDP-N-acetylglucosamine alpha-6-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II. J Biol Chem270:15211-15221.
52.
Daniel PF, Winchester B., Warren CD (1994). Mammalian a-mannosidases-multiple forms but a common purpose? Glycobiology4:551-566.
53.
Dean N. ( 1994). Cloning and DNA sequencing of a Kluyveromyces lactis ERD1 homologue. Yeast10:1117-1124.
54.
Dean N. ( 1995). Yeast glycosylation mutants are sensitive to aminoglycosides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA92:1287-1291.
55.
Dean N., Poster JB (1996). Molecular and phenotypic analysis of the S. cerevisiae MNN10 gene identifies a family of related glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology6:73-81.
56.
Dennis JW, Laferte S., Waghorne C., Breitman MC, Kerbel R. (1987). Beta 1,6-branching of Asn-linked oligosaccharide is directly associated with metastases. Science236:582-585.
Drebot MA, Johnston GC, Singer RA (1987). A yeast mutant conditionally defective only for re-entry into the mitotic cell cycle from stationary phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA84:7948-7952.
59.
Drebot MA, Veinot-Drebot LM, Singer RA, Johnston GC (1990). Induction of yeast histone genes by stimulation of stationary-phase cells. Mol Cell Biol10:6356-6361.
60.
Eckert V., Blank M., Mazhari-Tabrizi R., Mumberg D., Funk M., Schwarz RT (1998). Cloning and functional expression of the human GlcNAc-1-p transferase, the enzyme for the committed step of the dolichol cycle, by heterologous complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glycobiology8:77-85.
61.
Esmon B., Esmon PC, Schekman R. (1984). Early steps in processing of yeast glycoproteins. J Biol Chem259:10322-10327.
62.
Falk PG, Bry L., Holgersson J., Gordon JI (1995). Expression of a human alpha-1,3/1,4-fucosyltransferase in the pit cell lineage of FVB/N mouse stomach results in production of leb-containing glycoconjugates: a potential transgenic mouse model for studying Helicobacter pylori infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA92:1515-1519.
63.
Fernandez FS, Jannatipour M., Hellman U., Rokeach LA, Parodi A.) (1996). A new stress protein: synthesis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe UDP-Gle:glyeoprotein glucosyltransferase mRNA is induced by stress conditions but the enzyme is not essential for viability. EMBO J15:705-712.
64.
Fiedler K., Simons K. (1996). Characterization of BiP36, an animal lectin homologous to leguminous lectins. J Cell Sci109:271-276.
65.
Forsee WT, Schutzbach JS (1981) Effect of phospholipids on α-1,2-mannosidase activity. J Biol Chem257:6577-6582.
66.
Foster CS, Gillies DR, Glick MC (1991). Purification and characterization of GDP-L-Fuc-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase from human neuroblastoma cells. Unusual substrate specificities of the tumor enzyme. J Biol Chem266:3526-3531.
67.
Foster JM, Yudkin B., Lockyer AE, Roberts DB (1995). Cloning and sequence analysis of Gm2, a Drosophila melanogaster homologue of the cDNA encoding murine Golgi alpha-mannosidase II. Gene154:183-186.
68.
Fukuda MN (1990). HEMPAS disease: genetic defect of glucosylation. Glycobiology1:9-15.
69.
Fukuda M. (1992). Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS). In: Cell surface carbohydrates and cell development. Fukuda M, editor. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 127-159.
70.
Fukuda MN Masri KA, Dell A., Luzzatto L., Moremen KW (1990). Incomplete synthesis of N-glycans in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type fI caused by a defect in the gene encoding a-mannosidase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA87:7443-7447.
71.
Fukuda T., lida K., Kioka N., Sakai H., Komano T. (1994). Cloning of a cDNA encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 from rat liver and analysis of its expression in rat tissues. Biosci Biotech Biochem58:200-201.
72.
Gavel Y., Von Heijne G. (1990). Sequence differences between glycosylated and non-glycosylated Asn-X-Thr/Ser acceptor sites: implications for protein engineering. Protein Eng3:433-442.
73.
Gaynor EC, te Heesen S., Graham TR, Aebi M., Emr SD (1994). Signal-mediated retrieval of a membrane protein from the Golgi to the ER in yeast. J Cell Biol127:653-660.
74.
Gleeson PA Schachter H. (1983). Control of glycoprotein synthesis. J Biol Chem258:6162-6173.
75.
Goelz SE, Hession C., Goff D., Griffiths B., Tizard R., Newman B., et al. (1990). ELFT: a gene that directs the expression of an ELAM-1 ligand. Cell63:1349-1356.
76.
Graham TR, Seeger M., Payne GS, MacKay VL, Emr SD (1994). Clathrin-dependent localization of α-1,3-mannosyltransferase to the Golgi complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol127:667-678.
77.
Grundmann U., Nerlich C., Rein T., Zettlmeissi G. (1990). Complete cDNA sequence encoding human beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (sequence report). Nucleic Acids Res18:667.
78.
Gu W., Schneider JW, Condorelli G., Kaushai S., Mahdavi V., Nadal-Girard B. (1993). Interaction of myogenic factors and the retinoblastoma protein mediates muscle cell commitment and differentiation. Cell72:309-324.
79.
Hamagashira N., Oku H., Mega T., Hase S. ( 1996). Purification and characterization of hen oviduct alpha-1,2-mannosidase. J Biochem119:998-1003.
80.
Hamamoto T., Kawasaki M., Kurosawa N., Nakaoka T., Lee YC, Tsuji S. (1993). Two-step single primer mediated PCR. Application to cloning of putative mouse, beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase cDNA. Bioorg Med Chem1:141-145.
81.
Hardwick KG, Lewis M.), Senenza J., Dean N., Pelham HR (1990). ERD1, a yeast gene required for the retention of luminal ER proteins, affects glycoprotein processing in the Golgi apparatus. EMBO9:623-630.
82.
Harnik-Ort V., Prakash K., Marcantonio E., Colman DR, Rosenfield MG, Adesnik M., et al. (1987). Isolation and characterization of the cDNA clones for rat ribophorin I: complete coding sequence and in vitro synthesis and insertion of the encoded product into the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. J Cell Biol104:855-863.
83.
Harris SL, Waters MG (1996). Localization of a yeast early Golgi mannosyltransferase, Ochlp, involves retrograde transport. J Cell Biol132:985-992.
84.
Hathaway HJ, Runyan RB, Khounlo S., Shur BD ( 1991). Purification and characterization of avian beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase: comparison with the mammalian enzyme. Glycobiology1:211-221.
85.
Hausler A., Robbins PW (1992). Glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning and characterization of an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase structural gene. Glycobiology2:77-84.
86.
Herbert DN, Simons IF, Peterson JR, Helenius A. (1995). Calnexin, calreticulin, and BiP/Kar2p in protein folding. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology60:405-415.
87.
Herscovics A., Orlean P. (1993). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast. FASEB J7:540-550.
88.
Herscovics A., Schneikert J., Athanassiadis A., Moremen KW (1994). Isolation of a mouse Golgi mannosidase cDNA, a member of a gene family conserved from yeast to mammals. J Biol Chem269:9864-9871.
89.
Hettkamp H., Legler G., Bause E. (1984). Purification by affinity chromatography of glucosidase I, an endoplasmic reticulum hydrolase involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Eur I Biochem142:85-90.
90.
Hill K., Boone C., Goebl M., Puccia R., Sdicu AM, Bussey H. (1992). Yeast KRE2 defines a new gene family encoding probably secretory proteins, and is required for the correct N-glycosylation of proteins. Genetics130:273-283.
91.
Hiraizumi S., Spohr U., Spiro RG (1993). Characterization of endomannosidase inhibitors and evaluation of their effect on N-linked oligosaccharide processing during glycoprotein biosynthesis. J Biol Chem268:9927-9935.
92.
Hiraizumi S., Spohr U., Spiro RG (1994). Ligand affinity chromotographic purification of rat liver Golgi endomannosidase. J Biol Chem269:4696-4700.
93.
Hitoshi S., Kusunoki S., Kanasawa I., Tsuji S. (1995). Molecular cloning and expression of two types of rabbit beta-galactoside alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem270:8844-8850.
94.
Hitoshi S., Kusunoki S., Kanasawa I., Tsuji S. (1996). Molecular cloning and expression of a third type of rabbit GDP-L-fucose:beta-D-galactoside 20-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem271:16975-16981.
95.
Hofbauer R., Denhardt DT (1991). Cell cycle-regulated and proliferation stimulus-responsive genes. Crit Rev Euk Gene Exp1:247-300.
96.
Hollis GF, Douglas JG, Shaper NL, Shaper JH, Stafford-Hollis JM, Evans RJ, et al. (1989). Genomic structure of the murine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun162:1069-1075.
97.
Hong G., Deleersnijder W., Kozak CA, Van Marck E., Tylzanowski P., Merregaert J.J. (1996). Molecular cloning of a highly conserved mouse and human integral membrane protein (Itm1) and genetic mapping to mouse chromosome 9. Genomics31:295-300.
98.
Hounsell EF, Davies MJ, Renouf DV (1996). O-linked protein glycosylation structure and function. Glycoconj J13:19-26.
99.
Huang GTZ, Lennon K., Kukuruzinska MA (1998). Characterization of multiple transcripts of the hamster dolichol-P-dependent N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase suggests functionally complex expression. Mol Cell Biochem181:97-106.
100.
Hubbard SC, Ivatt RJ (1981). Synthesis and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Ann Rev Biochem50:555-583.
101.
Huffaker TC, Robbins PW (1983). Yeast mutants deficient in protein N-glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA80:7466-7470.
102.
Ikematsu S., Kaname T., Ozawa M., Yonezawa S., Sato E., Uehara F., et al. (1993). Transgenic mouse lines with ectopic expression of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase: production and characteristics. Glycobiology3:575-580.
103.
loffe E., Stanley P. (1994). Mice lacking N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity die at mid-gestation, revealing an essential role for complex or hybrid N-linked carbohydrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA91:728-732.
104.
Ishii S., Volpe JJ (1990). N-linked glycoprotein synthesis and transport during G1 are necessary for astrocytic proliferation. J Neurosci Res26:419-427.
105.
Jackson BJ, Kukuruzinska MA, Robbins PW (1993). Biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the alg2 mutation. Glycobiology3:357-364.
106.
)aeken J., Carchon H. (1993). The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes: an overview. J Inher Metab Dis16:813-820.
107.
larvis DL, Bohlmeyer DA, Liao YF, Lomax KK, Merkel RK, Weinkauf C., et al. (1997). Isolation and characterization of a class II alpha-mannosidase cDNA from Lepidopteran insect cells. Glycobiology7:113-127.
108.
lelinek-Kelly S., Herscovics A. (1988). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of the a-mannosidase which removes one specific mannose residue from Man9GlcNAc. J Biol Chem263:14757-14763.
109.
lohnson PH, Donald AS, Clarke JL, Watkins WM (1995). Purification, properties and possible gene assignment of an alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase expressed in human liver. Glycoconj J12:879-893.
110.
Kalz-Fuller B., Bieberich E., Bause E. (1995). Cloning and expression of glucosidase I from human hippocampus. Eur J Biochem231:344-351.
111.
Kanik-Ennulat C., Montalvo E., Neff N. ( 1995). Sodium orthovanadate-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae show defects in Golgi-mediated protein glycosylation, sporulation and detergent resistence. Genetics140:933-943.
112.
Karaoglu D., Kelleher DJ, Gilmore R. (1995a). Functional characterization of the Ost3p. Loss of the 34 kD subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae oligosaccharyltransferase results in biased underglycosylation of acceptor substrates. J Cell Biol130:567-577.
113.
Karaoglu D., Silberstein S., Kelleher DJ, Gilmore R. (1995b). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae oligosaccharyltransferase: a large hetero-oligomeric complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative BiologyLX:83-92.
114.
Karpova TS, Lepetit MM, Cooper JA (1993). Mutations that enhance the cap2 null mutant phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae affect the actin cytoskeleton, morphogenesis and pattern of growth. Genetics135:693-709.
115.
Kaushal GP, Pastuszak I., Hatanaka K., Elbein AD (1990a). Purification to homogeneity and properties of glucosidase II from mung bean seedlings and suspension-cultured soybean cells. J Biol Chem265:16271-16279.
116.
Kaushal GP, Szumilo T., Pastuszak I., Elbein AD (1990b). Purification to homogeneity and properties of mannosidase II from mung bean seedlings. Biochem29:2168-2176.
117.
Kean EL ( 1987). Metabolic regulation of the initial reactions of the dolichol pathway: activation and deactivation of the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol. Chemica Scripta27:127-134.
118.
Kelleher DJ, Gilmore R. (1994). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae oligosaccharyltransferase is a protein complex composed of Wbpl, Swplp and four additional polypeptides. J Biol Chem269:12906-12917.
119.
Kelleher DJ, Gilmore R. (1997). DAD1, the defender against apoptotic cell death, is a subunit of the mammalian oligosaccharyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA94:4994-4999.
120.
Kelleher DJ, Kreilbich G., Gilmore R. (1992). Oligosaccharyltransferase activity is associated with a protein complex composed of ribophorins I and II and a 48 kD protein. Cell69:55-65.
121.
Kerscher S., Albert S., Wucherpfennig D., Heisenberg M., Schneuwly S. (1995). Molecular and genetic analysis of the Drosophila mas-1 (mannosidase-1) gene which encodes a glycoprotein processing alpha 1,2-mannosidase. Dev Biol168:613-326.
122.
Khan FA, Varma GM, Vijay IK (1997). Structure, organization and promoter activity of the mouse glucosidase I gene (abstract). Glycobiology7:1031.
123.
Kilker RD Jr, Saunier B., Tkacz JS, Herscovics A. (1981). Partial purification from Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a soluble glucosidase which removed the terminal glucose from the oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. J Biol Chem256:5299-5303.
124.
Kim YJ, Park JH, Kim KS, Chang JE, Ko JH, Kim MH, et al. (1996). Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III. Gene170:281-283.
125.
Kimura T., Kitamoto N., Kito Y., limura Y., Shirai T., Komiyama T., et al. (1997). A novel yeast gene, RHK1, is involved in the synthesis of the cell wall receptor for the HM-1 killer toxin that inhibits beta-1,3-glucan synthesis. Mol Gen Genet254:139-147.
126.
Kitagawa H., Paulson JC (1993). Cloning and expression of human Gal beta-1,3(4)-GIcNAc alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun194:375-382.
127.
Klebl F., Huffaker T., Tanner W. (1984). A temperature-sensitive N-glycosylation mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that behaves like a cell cycle mutant. Exp Cell Rev150:309-313.
128.
Knauer R., Lehle L. (1994). The N-oligosaccharyltransferase complex from yeast. FEBS Lett344:83-86.
129.
Kornfeld R., Kornfeld S. (1985). Assembly of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Ann Rev Biochem54:631-664.
130.
Koszdin KL, Bowen BR (1992). The cloning and expression of a human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase capable of forming the E-selectin ligand. Biochem Biophys Res Commun187:152-157.
131.
Koyama N., Miyoshi E., Ihara Y., Kang R., Nishikawa A., Taniguchi N. (1996). Human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III gene is transcribed from multiple promoters. Eur J Biochem238:853-861.
132.
Kuijpers TW (1993). Terminal glycosyltransferase activity: a selective role in cell adhesion. Blood81:873-882.
133.
Kukowska-Latallo JF, Larsen RD, Nair RP, Lowe JB ( 1990) A cloned human cDNA determines expression of a mouse stage-specific embryonic antigen and the Lewis blood group alpha-1,3/1,4-fucosyltransferase. Genes Dev4:1288-1303.
134.
Kukuruzinska MA, Lennon K. (1994). Growth-related coordinate regulation of the early N-glycosylation genes in yeast. Glycobiology4:437-443.
135.
Kukuruzinska MA, Lennon K. (1995). Diminished activity of the first N-glycosylation enzyme, dolichol-P-dependent N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase (GPT), gives rise to mutant phenotypes in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta1247:51-59.
136.
Kukuruzinska MA, Robbins PW (1987). Protein glycosylation in yeast: transcript heterogeneity of the ALG7 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA84:2145-2149.
137.
Kukuruzinska MA, Bergh MLE, Jackson BJ (1987). Protein glycosylation in yeast. Ann Rev Biochem56:915-944.
138.
Kukuruzinska MA, Apekin V., Lamkin M., Hiltz A., Rodriguez A., Lin CC, et al. (1994). Antisense RNA to the first N-glycosylation gene, ALG7, inhibits protein N-glycosylation and secretion by Xenopus oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun198:1248-1254.
139.
Kukuruzinska MA, Lennon K. (1998). ALG gene expression and cell cycle progression. Biochem Biophys Acta (in press).
140.
Kumar R., Stanley P. (1985). Transfection of a human gene that corrects the Lecl glycosylation defect: evidence for transfer of the structural gene for N-acetylglucosamine transferase I. Mol Cell Biol9:5713-5717.
141.
Kumar R., Yang J., Larsen RO, Stanley P. (1990). Cloning and expression of N-acetylglucosamine transferase I, the medial golgi transferase that initiates complex N-linked carbohydrate formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA87:4948-4950.
142.
Kumar R., Potvin B., Muller WA, Stanley P. (1991). Cloning of a human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase gene that encodes ELFT but does not confer ELAM-1 recognition on Chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants. J Biol Chem266:21777-21783.
143.
Kumar R., Yang J., Eddy RL, Byers MG, Shows TB, Stanley P. (1992). Cloning and expression of the murine gene and chromosomal location of the human gene encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Glycobiology2:383-393.
144.
Kumar V., Heinemann FS, Ozols J. (1994). Purification and characterization of avian oligosaccharyltransferase. Complete amino acid sequence of the 50-kDa subunit. J Biol Chem269:13451-13457.
145.
Kumar V., Heinemann FS, Ozols J. (1995). Purification and characterization of hepatic oligosaccharyltransferase. Biochem Mol Biol Intl36:817-826.
146.
Kurosawa N., Hamamoto T., Lee YC, Nakaoka T., Kojima N., Tsuji S. (1994a). Molecular cloning and expression of GalNAc alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase. J Biol Chem269:1402-1409.
147.
Kurosawa N., Kawasaki M., Hamamoto T., Nakaoka T., Lee YC, Arita M., et al. (1994b). Molecular cloning and expression of chick embryo Gal beta-1,4-GlcNAc alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase. Comparison with the mammalian enzyme. Eur J Biochem219:375-381.
148.
Kurosawa N., Hamamoto T., Inoue M., Tsuji S. (1995). Molecular cloning and expression of chick Gal beta-1,3-GalNAcalpha-2,3-sialyltransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta1244:216-222.
149.
Kurosawa N., Inoue M., Yoshida Y., Tsuji S. (1996). Molecular cloning and genomic analysis of mouse Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc-specific GalNAc alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase. J Biol Chem271:15109-15116.
150.
Lal A., Schutzbach J., Forsee T., Neame P., Moremen KW (1994). Isolation and expression of murine and rabbit cDNAs encoding an α-1,2-mannosidase involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. J Biol Chem269:9872-9881.
151.
Langan TJ, Slater MN (1991). Isoprenoids and astroglial cell cycling: diminished mevalonate availability and inhibition of dolichol-linked glycoprotein synthesis arrest cycling through distinct mechanisms. J Cell Physiol149:284-292.
152.
Larsen RD, Ernst LK, Nair RP, Lowe JB ( 1990). Molecular cloning, sequence and expression of a human GDP-L-fucose:beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase cDNA that can form the H blood group antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA87:6674-6678.
153.
Larsson O., Carlberg M., Zetterberg A. (1993). Selective killing induced by an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. J Cell Sci106:299-307.
154.
Lee JE, Hollenberg SM, Snider L., Turner DL, Lipnick N., Weintraub H. (1995). Conversion of Xenopus ectoderm into neurons by neuroD, a basic helix-loop-helix protein. Science268:836-844.
155.
Lee KP, Carlson LM, Woodcock JB, Ramachandra N., Schultz TL, Davis TA, et al. (1996). Molecular cloning and characterization of CFT1, a developmentally regulated avian alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase gene. J Biol Chem271:32960-32967.
156.
Lee YC, Kurosawa N., Hamamoto T., Nakaoka T., Tsuji S. (1993). Molecular cloning and expression of Gal beta-1,3-GalNAc alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase from mouse brain. Eur J Biochem216:377-385.
157.
Lee YC, Kojima N., Wada E., Kurosawa N., Nakaoka T., Hamamoto T., et al. (1994). Cloning and expression of cDNA for a new type of Gal beta-1,3-GaINAc alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase. J Biol Chem269:10028-10033.
158.
Lehle L., Bause E. (1984). Primary structural requirements for N- and O-glycosylation of yeast mannoproteins. Biochim Biophys Acta700:246-250.
159.
Lehle L., Eiden A., Lehnert K., Haselbeck A., Kopetski E. (1995). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: ngd29, an N-glycosylation mutant allelic to och 1 having a defect in the intiation of outer chain formation. FEBS Lett370:41-45.
160.
Lennon K., Pretel R., Kesselheim J., te Heesen S., Kukuruzinska MA (1995). Proliferation-dependent differential regulation of the dolichol pathway genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glycobiology5:633-642.
161.
Lennon K., Bird A., Cervantes S., Kukuruzinska MA (1996). Diversity of cellular functions affected by mutations in the early N-glycosylation genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (abstract). Glycobiology6:771.
162.
Lennon K., Bird A., Chen Y.-F, Pretel R., Kukuruzinska MA (1997a). The dual role of mRNA half-lives in the expression of the yeast ALG7 gene. Mol Cell Biochem169:95-106.
163.
Lennon K., Bird A., Kukuruzinska MA (1997b). Deregulation of the first N-glycosylation gene, ALG7, perturbs the expression of G1 cyclins and cell cycle arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun237:562-565.
164.
Lennon K., Batal H., Kukuruzinska MA (1997c). Deregulated expression of the first N-glycosylation gene, ALG7, impairs polarized response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (abstract). Glycobiology7:1045.
165.
Lennon K., Bird A., Kukuruzinska MA (1998). Molecular dissection of the genetic targets of ALG7 in the serpentine receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in yeast. Ann NY Acad Sci842:195-198.
166.
Lewis MJ, Pelham HR (1992). Sequence of a second KDEL receptor. ) Moiec Biol226:913-916.
167.
Lewis MS, Ballou CE (1991). Separation and characterization of two alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activities from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem266:8255-8259.
168.
Li S., Vijay IK (1997). Orphan receptor COUP-TF activates GlcNAc-1-P transferase expression during the development of the mammary gland (abstract). Glycobiology7:1031.
169.
Lo NW, Lau IT (1996). Transcription of the beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase gene in B lymphocytes is directed by a separate and distinct promoter. Glycobiology6:271-279.
170.
Loffler C., Rao W., Hansmann I. (1991). Mapping of the ribophorin II (RPN II) gene to human chromosome 20q 12-q13.1 by in situ hybridization. Hum Genet87:221-222.
171.
Lowe JB, Kukowska-Latallo JF, Nair RP, Larsen RD, Marks RM, Macher BA, et al. (1991). Molecular cloning of a human fucosyltransferase gene that determines expression of the Lewis x and VIM-2 epitopes but not ELAM-1-dependent cell adhesion. J Biol Chem266:17467-17477.
172.
Lubas WA, Spiro RG (1987). Golgi endo-a-D-mannosidase from rat liver, a novel N-linked carbohydrate unit processing enzyme. J Biol Chem252:3775-3781.
173.
Lucocq JM, Brada D., Roth J. ( 1986). Immunolocalization of the oligosaccharide trimming enzyme glucosidase II. J Cell Biol102:2137-2146.
174.
Lussier M., Camirand A., Sdicu AM, Bussey H. (1993). KTR2: a new member of the KRE2 mannosyltransferase gene family. Yeast9:1057-1063.
175.
Lussier M., Sdicu AM, Ketela T., Bussey H. (1995). Localization and targeting of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kre2p/Mntlp alpha 1,2 mannosyltransferase to a medial-Golgi compartment. J Cell Biol131:913-927.
176.
Lussier M., Sdicu AM, Camirand A., Bussey H. (1996). Functional characterization of YURI, KTR1 and KTR2 genes as members of the yeast KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase gene family. J Biol Chem271:11001-11008.
177.
Lussier M., Sdicu AM, Winnett E., Vo DH, Sheraton J., Dusterhoft A., et al. (1997). Completion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence allows identification of KTR5, KTR6 and KTR7 and definition of the nine-membered KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase gene family in this organism. Yeast13:267-274.
178.
Ma D., Russell DG, Beverley SM, Tucro SJ (1997). Golgi GDP-mannose uptake requires Leishmania LPG2, a member of a eukaryotic family of putative nucleotide-sugar transporters. J Biol Chem272:3799-3805.
179.
Ma J., Saito H., Oka T., Vijay IK (1996). Negative regulatory element involved in the hormonal regulation of GlcNAc-1-P transferase gene in mouse mammary gland. J Biol Chem271:11197-11203.
180.
Mackenzie IC, Dabelsteen E., Rittman RG, Junggren L., Toh H. (1995). Expression of blood group-related glycoconjugates in the junctional and other oral epithelia of rodents. Anat Rec241:310-318.
181.
Makishima T., Nakashima T., Nagata-Kuno K., Fukushima K., lida H., Sakaguchi M., et al. (1997). The highly conserved DADI protein involved in apoptosis is required for N-linked glycosylation. Genes to Cells2:129-141.
182.
Mallet L., Bussereau F., Jacquet M. (1994). Nucleotide sequence analysis of an 11.2 kb fragment of yeast chromosome 11 including BEM1, a new gene of the WD-40 repeat family and a new member of the KRE2/MNT1 family. Yeast10:819-831.
183.
Marrs JA, Andersson-Fisone C., Jeong MC, Cohen-Gould L. Zurzolo C., Nabi IR, et al. (1995). Plasticity in epithelial cell phenotype: modulation by expression of different cadherin cell adhesion molecules. J Cell Biol129:507-519.
184.
Martin SL, Edbrooke MR, Hodgman TC, van den Eijnden DH, Bird MI ( 1997). Lewis X biosynthesis in Helicobacter pylori. Molecular cloning of an alpha (1,3)-fucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem272:21349-21356.
185.
Martiniuk F., Ellenbogen A., Hirschhorn R. (1985). Identity of neutral a-glucosidase AB and the glucoprotein processing enzyme glucosidase II. J Biol Chem260:1238-1242.
186.
Masutani H., Kimura H. (1995). Purification and characterization of secretory-type GDP-L-fucose:beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase from human gastric mucosa. J Biochem118:541-545.
187.
Mengle-Gaw L., McCoy-Haman MF, Tiemeier DC (1991). Genomic structure and expression of human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun176:1269-1276.
188.
Metzler M., Gertz A., Sarkar M., Schachterkum H., Schrader JW, Marth JD (1994). Complex asparagine-linked oligosaccharides are required for morphogenic events during post-implantation development. Glycobiology5:2056-2065.
189.
Misago M., Liao YF, Kudo S., Ito S., Mattei MG, Moremen KW, et al. (1995). Molecular cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding human alpha-mannosidase II and a previously unrecognized alpha-mannosidase IIX isozyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA92:11766-11770.
190.
Mondesert G., Reed S.1 (1996). BED1, a gene encoding a galactosyltransferase homologue, is required for polarized growth and efficient bud emergence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol132:137-151.
191.
Moremen KW ( 1989). Isolation of a rat liver Golgi mannosidase-II clone by mixed oligonucleotide-primed amplication of cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA86:5276-5280.
192.
Moremen KW, Robbins PW (1991). Isolation, characterization and expression of cDNAs encoding murine a-mannosidase II, a Golgi enzyme that controls conversion of high mannose to complex N-glycans. J Biol Chem115:1521-1534.
193.
Moremen KW, Trimble RB, Herscovics A. (1994). Glycosidases of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway. Glycobiology4:113-125.
194.
Mota OM, Huang GT, Kukuruzinska MA (1994). Developmental regulation and tissue-specific expression of hamster dolichol-P-dependent N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase (GPT). Biochem Biophys Res Commun204:284-291.
195.
Muller F., Holberg-Petersen M., Rollagh H., Degre M., Brandtzaeg P., Froland SS (1992). Non-specific oral immunity in individuals with HIV infection. I AIDS5:46-51.
196.
Muramatsu H., Kamada Y., Muramatsu T. (1986). Purification and properties of N-acetylglucosaminide alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase from embryonal carcinoma cells. Eur J Biochem157:71-75.
197.
Muramatsu T. (1992). Carbohydrate signals in metastasis and prognosis of human carcinomas. In: Cell surface carbohydrates and cell development. Fukuda M, editor. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 239-256.
198.
Nagase T., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Sazuka T., Seki N., Sato S., et al. (1995). Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. III. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0081-KIAA0120) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. DNA Res2:37-43.
199.
Nakashima T., Sekiguchi T., Kuraoka A., Fukushima K., Shibata Y., Komiyama S., et al. (1993). Molecular cloning of human cDNA encoding a novel protein, DAD1, whose defect causes apoptotic cell death in hamster BHK21 cells. Mol Cell Biol13:6367-6374.
200.
Nakayama K., Nagasu T., Shimma Y., Kuromitsu J., Jigami Y. (1992). OCH1 encodes a novel membrane bound mannosyltransferase: outer chain elongation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. EMBO J11:2511-2519.
201.
Narimatsu H., Sinha S., Brew K., Okayama H., Qasba PK (1986). Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of bovine N-acetylglucosamine (beta 1,4) galactosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA83:4720-4724.
202.
Nasr F., Becam AM, Hebert CJ (1996). The sequence of 12.8 kb from the left arm of chromosome XIV reveals a sigma element, a pro-tRNA and six complete open reading frames, one of which encodes a protein similar to the human leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Yeast12:493-499.
203.
Natsuka S., Gersten KM, Senita K., Nannagi R., Lowe JB ( 1994). Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel human leukocyte alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase capable of synthesizing the sialyl Lewis x determinant. J Biol Chem269:16789-16794.
204.
Nehrke K., Tabak LA (1997). Biosynthesis of a low-molecular-mass rat submandibular gland mucin glycoprotein in COS7 cells. Biochem J323:497-502.
205.
Neiman AM, Mhaiskar V., Manus V., Galibert F., Dean N. ( 1997). Saccharomyces cerevisiae HOC1, a suppressor of pkc1, encodes a putative glycosyltransferase. Genetics145:637-645.
206.
Nonet M., Scafe J., Sexton J., Young R. (1987). Eucaryotic RNA polymerase conditional mutant that rapidly ceases mRNA synthesis. Mol Cell Biol7:1602-1611.
207.
Ogawa R., Misago M., Fukuda MN, Kudo S., Tsukada J., Morimoto I., et al. (1996). Structure and transcriptional regulation of human alpha-mannosidase IIX (alpha-mannosidase II isotype) gene. Eur J Biochem242:446-453.
208.
Oguri S., Minowa MT, Ihara Y., Taniguchi N., Ikenaga H., Takeuchi M. (1997). Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha 1,3-D-mannoside beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV) from bovine small intestine. J Biol Chem272:22721-22727.
209.
Ohya Y., Botstein D. (1994). Diverse essential functions revealed by complementing yeast calmodulin mutants. Science263:963-966.
210.
Orlean P. (1996). Biogenesis of yeast wall and surface components. In: Molecular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces. Vol. 3. Cell cycle and cell biology. Pringle JR, Broach JR, Jones EW, editors. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
211.
Orlean P., Seebacher G., Tanner W. (1983). Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor prevents formation of glycoproteins. FEBS Lett158:247-250.
212.
Orlean P., Schwaiger H., Appeltauer U., Haselbeck A., Tanner W. (1984). Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone specifically inhibits the synthesis of proteins destined to be N-glycosylated. Eur J Biochem140:183-189.
213.
Orlean P., Arnold E., Tanner W. (1985). Apparent inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis by S. cerevisiae mating pheromones. FEBS Lett184:682-688.
214.
Ozawa M., Muramatsu T. (1996). Molecular cloning and expression of a mouse alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase gene that shows homology with the human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase IV gene. J Biochem119:302-308.
215.
Parodi A. (1993). N-glycosylation in trypanosomatid protozoa. Glycobiology3:193-199.
216.
Pathak R., Parker CS, Imperiali B. (1995). The essential yeast NLT1 gene encodes the 64 kDa glycoprotein subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. FEBS Lett362:229-234.
217.
Pelham HR (1990). The retention signal for soluble proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum. Trends Biochem Sci15:483-486.
218.
Peltz SW, Brewer G., Bernstein P., Hart P., Ross J. ( 1991). Regulation of mRNA turnover in eukaryotic cells. Crit Rev Euk Gene Exp1:99-126.
219.
Pirozzi G., Zhou ZM, D'Eustachio P., Sabatini DD, Kreibich G. (1991). Rat ribophorin II: molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of a highly conserved transmembrane glycoprotein of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun176:1482-1486.
220.
Plau JP, Laberrier N., Dabouls G., Denis MG (1994). Evidence for two distinct alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase genes differentially expressed throughout the rat colon. Biochem J300:623-626.
221.
Poster JB, Dean N. ( 1996). The yeast VRG4 gene is required for normal Golgi function and defines a new family of related genes. J Biol Chem271:3837-3845.
222.
Powell LD, Paneerselvam K., Vij R., Diaz S., Manzi A., Buist N., et al. (1994). Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome: not an N-linked oligosaccharide processing defect, but an abnormality in lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis? J Clin Invest94:1901-1909.
223.
Pownall S., Kozak CA, Schappert K., Karkar M., Hull E., Schachter H., et al. (1992). Molecular cloning and characterization of the mouse UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene. Genomics12:699-704.
224.
Pretel R., Lennon K., Bird A., Kukuruzinska MA (1995). Expression of the first N-glycosylation gene in the dolichol pathway, ALG7, is regulated at two major control points in the G1 phase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. Exp Cell Res219:477-486.
225.
Priatel JJ, Sarkar M., Schachter H., Marth JD (1997). Isolation, characterization and inactivation of the mouse Mgat3 gene: the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides appears dispensible for viability and reproduction. Glycobiology7:45-56.
226.
Puccia R., Gondin B., Herscovics A. (1993). Disruption of the processing a-mannosidase genes does not prevent outer chain synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J290:21-26.
227.
Rademacher TW, Parekh RB, Dwek RA ( 1988). Glycobiology. Ann Rev Biochem57:785-838.
228.
Rajput B., Ma J., Muniappa J., Schantz L., Naylor SL, Lalley PA, et al. (1992). Mouse UDP-GIcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase. Molecular cloning of the cDNA, generation of antipeptide antibodies, and chromosomal location. Biochem285:985-992.
229.
Rajput B., Ma J., Vijay IK (1994a). Structure and organization of mouse GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase gene. J Biol Chem269:9590-9597.
230.
Rajput B., Muniappa N., Vijay IK (1994b). Developmental and hormonal regulation of UDP-GIcNac:dolichol phosphate GlcNAc-1-P transferase in mouse mammary gland. J Biol Chem269:16054-16061.
231.
Rajput B., Shaper NL, Shaper JH (1996). Transcriptional regulation of murine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase in somatic cells. Analysis of a gene that serves both a housekeeping and a mammary gland-specific function. J Biol Chem271:5131-5142.
232.
Reiss G., te Heesen S., Zimmerman J., Robbins PW, Aebi M. ( 1996). Isolation of the ALG6 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for glucosylation in the N-linked glycosylation pathway. Glycobiology6:493-498.
233.
Reiss G., te Heesen S., Gilmore R., Zufferey R., Aebi M. ( 1997). A specific screen for oligosaccharyltransferase mutants identifies the 9 kDa OST5 protein required for optimal activity in vivo and in vitro. EMBO J16:1164-1172.
234.
Ren J., Bretthauer RK, Castellino FJ (1995). Purification and properties of a Golgi-derived alpha-1,2-mannosidase I from baculovirus-infected Lepidopteran insect cells (IPLB-SF21AE) with preferential activity toward mannose-6-N-acetylglucosamine2. Biochem34:2489-2495.
235.
Rine J., Hansen W., Hardeman E., Davis RW (1983). Targeted selection of recombinant clones through gene dosage effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA80:6750-6754.
236.
Romero PA, Lussier M., Sdicu AM, Bussey H., Herscovics A. (1997). Ktrlp is an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Comparison of the enzymatic properties of soluble recombinant Ktrlp and Kre2p/Mntlp produced in Pichia pastoris. Biochem J321:289-295.
237.
Roos J., Sternglanz R., Lennarz WJ (1994). A screen for yeast mutants with defects in the dolichol-mediated pathway for N-glycosylation. Proc Notl Acad Sci USA91:1485-1489.
238.
Roos J., Luz MJ, Centoducati S., Sternglanz R., Lennarz WJ (1997). ENP1, an essential gene encoding a nuclear protein that is highly conserved from yeast to humans. Gene105:137-146.
239.
Rothstein RJ (1983) One-step gene disruption in yeast. Meth Enzymol101:202-211.
240.
Rouquier S., Lowe JB, Kelly RJ, Fertitta AL, Lennon GG, Giorgi D. (1995). Molecular cloning of a human genomic region containing the H blood group alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase gene and two H locus-related DNA restriction fragments. Isolation of a candidate for the human secretor blood group locus. I Biol Chem270:4632-4639.
241.
Rudolph HK, Antebi A., Fink GR, Buckley CM, Dorman TE, LeVitre J., et al. (1989). The yeast secretory pathway is perturbed by mutations in PMR1, a member of a Ca2+-ATPase family. Cell58:133-145.
242.
Russo RN, Shaper NL, Shaper JH (1990). Bovine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase: two sets of mRNA transcripts encode two forms of the protein with different amino-terminal domains. J Biol Chem265:3324-3331.
243.
Saito H., Gu I., Nishikawa A., Ihara Y., Fujii J., Kohgo Y., et al. (1995). Organization of the human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V gene. Eur J Biochem233:18-26.
244.
Sarkar M., Hull E., Nishikawa Y., Simpson RJ, Moritz RL, Dunn R., et al. (1991). Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding the enzyme that controls conversion of high-mannose to hybrid and complex N-glycans: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA88:234-238.
245.
Sasaki K., Kurata K., Funayama K., Nagata M., Watanabe E., Ohta S., et al. (1994). Expression cloning of a novel alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase that is involved in biosynthesis of the sialyl Lewis x carbohydrate determinants in leukocytes. J Biol Chem269:14730-14737.
246.
Saunier B., Kilker RD Jr, Tkaca JS, Quaroni A., Herscovics A. (1982). Inhibition of N-linked complex oligosaccharide formation by 1-deoxynojirimycin, an inhibitor of processing glucosidases. J Biol Chem257:14155-14161.
247.
Saxena S., Shailubhai K., Yu BD, Vijay IK (1987). Purification and characterization of glucosidase II involved in N-linked glycoprotein processing in bovine mammary gland. Biochem247:563-570.
248.
Schachter H., Brockhausen I. (1992). Biosynthesis of o-glycans. In: Glycoconjugates. Composition, structure and function. Allen HJ, Kisailus EC, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 263-332.
249.
Schachter H., Hull E., Sarkar M., Simpson RJ, Moritz RL, Hoppener JW, et al. (1991). Molecular cloning of human and rabbit UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Biochem Soc Trans19:645-648.
250.
Schatzle J., Bush J., Cardelli J. (1992). Molecular cloning and characterization of the structural gene coding for the developmentally regulated lysosomal enzyme, a-mannosidase, in Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem267:4000-4007.
251.
Schekman R., Esmon B., Ferro-Novick S., Field C., Novick P. (1983). Yeast secretory mutants: isolation and characterization. Meth Enzymol96:802-815.
252.
Schweden J., Bause E. (1989). Characterization of trimming Man9-mannosidase from pig liver. Biochem J264:347-355.
253.
Schweden J., Legler G., Bause E. (1986). Purification and characterization of a neutral processing mannosidase from calf liver acting on (Man)9(GIcNAc)2 oligosaccharides. Eur J Biochem157:563-570.
254.
Scocca JR, Krag S. ( 1990). Sequence of a cDNA that specifies the uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase from Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem265:20621-20626.
255.
Scocca JR, Zou J., Krag S. ( 1995). Genomic organization and expression of hamster UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:dolichyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphoryl transferase. Glycobiology5:129-136.
256.
Shailubhai K., Pratta MA, Vijay IK (1987) Purification and characterization of glucosidase I involved in N-linked glycoprotein processing in bovine mammary gland. Biochem J247:555-562.
257.
Shaper NL, Shaper JH, Meuth JL, Fox JL, Chang H., Kirsch IR, et al. (1986). Bovine galactosyltransferase: identification of a clone by direct immunological screening of a cDNA expression library. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA83:1573-1577.
258.
Sharma CB, Kausthal GP, Pan YT, Elbein AD (1990). Purification and characterization of dolichyl-P-mannose:Man5(GlcNAc)2-PP-dolichol mannosyltransferase. Biochem29:8901-8907.
259.
Shen L. ( 1992). Receptors for IgA on phagocytic cells. Immunol Res11:273-282.
260.
Shoreibah M., Perng GS, Adler B., Weinstein J., Basu R., Cupples R., et al. (1993). Isolation, characterization and expression of cDNA encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V. J Biol Chem268:15381-15385.
261.
Shoup VA, Touster O. (1976). Purification and characterization of the a-D-mannosidase of rat liver cytosol. J Biol Chem251:3845-3852.
262.
Silberstein S., Gilmore R. (1996). Biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics of the oligosaccharyltransferase. FASEB J10:849-858.
263.
Silberstein S., Kelleher D.], Gilmore R. (1992). The 48-kDa subunit of the mammalian oligosaccharyl-transferase complex is homologous to the essential yeast protein WBP1. J Biol Chem267:23658-23663.
264.
Silberstein S., Collins PG, Kelleher D.), Rapiejko PJ, Gilmore R. (1995a). The alpha subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oligosaccharyltransferase complex is essential for vegetative growth of yeast and is homologous to mammalian ribophorin I. J Cell Biol128:525-536.
265.
Silberstein S., Collins PG, Kelleher D.), Gilmore R. (1995b). The essential OST2 gene encodes the 16-kD subunit of the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase, a highly conserved protein expressed in diverse eukaryotic organisms. J Cell Biol131:371-383.
266.
Sjoberg ER, Kitagawa H., Glushka J., van Halbeek H., Paulson JC (1996). Molecular cloning of a developmentally regulated N-acetylgalactosamine alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase specific for sialylated glycoconjugates. J Biol Chem271:7450-7459.
267.
Sorin A., Rosas E., Rao R. (1997). PMR1, a Ca2+-ATPase in yeast Golgi, has properties distinct from sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane calcium pumps. J Biol Chem272:9895-9901.
268.
Spooner BS, Bassett KE, Spooner BS Jr (1989). Embryonic salivary gland epithelial branching activity is experimentally independent of epithelial expansion activity. Dev Biol133:569-575.
269.
Stagljar I., te Heesen S., Aebi M. ( 1994). New phenotype of mutations deficient in glycosylation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide: cloning of the ALG8 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA91:5977-5981.
270.
Stagljar I., Aebi M., te Heesen S. (1995). PCR-mediated cloning and sequencing of the DmOST50 gene, a WBP1/AvOST50/OST48 homologue, from Drosophila melanogaster. Gene158:209-212.
271.
Stanley P., loffe E. (1995). Glycosyltransferase mutants: key to new insights in glycobiology. FASEB J9:1436-1444.
272.
Stanley P., Narasimhan S., Siminovitch L. (1975). Chinese hamster ovary cells selected for resistance to the cytotoxicity of phytohemagglutinin are deficient in a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminetransferase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA72:3323-3327.
273.
Staudacher E., Dalik T., Wawra P., Altmann F., Marz L. ( 1995). Functional purification and characterization of a GDPfucose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine (Fuc to Asn linked GIcNAc) alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase from mung beans. Glycoconj J12:780-786.
274.
Sugimoto A., Hozak RR, Nakashima T., Nishimoto T., Rothman JH (1995). dad-1, an endogenous programmed cell death suppressor in Caenorhabditis elegans and vertebrates. EMBO J14:4434-4441.
275.
Svensson EC, Soreghan B., Paulson JC (1990). Organization of the beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase gene. Evidence for the transcriptional regulation of terminal glycosylation. J Biol Chem265:20863-20868.
276.
Szumilo T., Kaushal GP, Hori H., Elbein AD (1986). Purification and properties of a glycoprotein processing a-mannosidase from mung bean seedlings. Plant Physiol81:383-389.
277.
Szumilo T., Kaushal GP, Elbein AD (1987). Purification and properties of the glycoprotein processing N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II from plants. Biochem26:5498-5505.
278.
Tabas I., Kornfeld S. (1979). Purification and characterization of a rat liver Golgi a-mannosidase capable of processing asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. J Biol Chem254:11655-11663.
279.
Takeda J., Kinoshita T. (1995). GPI-anchor biosynthesis. Trends Biochem Sci20:367-371.
280.
Tan J., D'Agostaro AF, Bendiak B., Reck F., Sarkar M., Squire JA, et al. (1995). The human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-6-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (MGAT2). Cloning of genomic DNA, localization to chromosome 14q21, expression in insect cells and purification of the recombinant protein. Eur J Biochem231:317-328.
281.
Tanaka Y., Mikishima T., Sasabe M., Ichinose Y., Shiraishi T., Nishimoto T., et al. (1997). dad-1, a putative pcd suppressor gene in rice. Plant Cell Phys38:379-383.
282.
Tanner W., Lehle L. (1987). Protein glycosylation in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta906:81-91.
283.
te Heesen S., Rauhut R., Aebersold R., Abelson J., Aebi M., Clark MW (1991). An essential 45 kDa yeast transmembrane protein reacts with anti-nuclear pore antibodies: purification of the protein, immunolocalization and cloning of the gene. Eur J Cell Biol56:8-18.
284.
te Heesen S., Janetsky B., Lehle L., Aebi M. ( 1992). The yeast WBP1 is essential for oligosaccharyltransferase activity in vivo and in vitro. EMBO J6:2017-2075.
285.
te Heesen S., Knauer R., Lehle L., Aebi M. ( 1993). Yeast Wbplp and Swplp form a protein complex essential for oligosaccharyltransferase activity. EMBO J12:279-284.
286.
te Heesen S., Lehle L., Weissmann A., Aebi M. ( 1994). Isolation of the ALG5 locus encoding the UDP-glucose:dolichyl phosphate glucosyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem224:71-79.
287.
Tillman U., Gunther R., Schweden J., Bause E. (1987). Subcellular location of enzymes involved in the N-glycosylation and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem162:635-642.
288.
Townsley FM, Pelham HR (1994). The KKXX signal mediates retrieval of membrane proteins from the Golgi to the ER in yeast. Eur J Cell Biol64:211-216.
289.
Trimble RB, Atkinson PH (1992). Structural heterogeneity in the Man8-13GlcNAc oligosaccharides from log-phase Saccharomyces yeast: a one- and two-dimensional 1H NRM spectroscopic study. Glycobiology2:57-75.
290.
Trimble RB Maley F., Chu FK (1983). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast. Protein conformation affects processing of high mannose oligosaccharides on carboxypeptidase Y and invertase. J Biol Chem258:2562-2572.
291.
Trombetta ES, Simons JF, Helenius A. (1996). Endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase II is composed of a catalytic subunit, conserved from yeast to mammals, and a tightly bound noncatalytic HDEL-containing subunit. J Biol Chem271:27509-27516.
292.
Tropea JE, Kaushal GP, Pastuszak I., Mitchell M., Aoyagi T., Molyneux RJ, et al. (1990). Mannostatin A, a new glycoprotein-processing inhibitor. Biochem29:10062-10069.
293.
Tulsiani DR, Touster O. (1985). Characterization of a novel a-D-mannosidase from rat brain microsomes. Biol Chem260:13081-13087.
294.
Tulsiani DRP, Hubbard DC, Robbins PW, Touster O. (1982). a-D-mannosidases of rat liver Golgi membranes. I Biol Chem257:3660-3668.
295.
Tulsiani DR, Coleman VD, Touster O. (1990). Asparagine-linked glycoprotein synthesis in rat brain: identification of glucosidase I, glucosidase II and an endo mannosidase (glycosylmannosidase). Arch Biochem Biophys277:114-120.
296.
Udenfriend S., Kodukula K. (1995). How glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins are made. Ann Rev Biochem64:593-591.
297.
Uehara K., Muramatsu T. (1997). Molecular cloning and characterization of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase expressed in mouse testis. Eur J Biochem244:706-712.
298.
Vai M., Popolo L., Alberghina L. (1987). Effect of tunicamycin on cell cycle progression in budding yeast. Exp Cell Res171:448-459.
299.
Valdivieso MH, Sugimoto K., Jahng K.-Y., Fernandes PMB, Wittenberg C. (1993). FAR1 is required for posttranscriptional regulation of CLN2 gene expression in response to mating pheromone. Mol Cell Biol13:1013-1022.
300.
Valtz N. Peter M. (1997). Functional analysis of FAR1 in yeast. Meth Enzymol283:350-365.
301.
van Berkel PH, Geerts ME, van Veen HA, Kooiman PM, Pieper FR, de Boer HA, et al. (1995). Glycosylated and unglycosylated human lactoferrins: both bind iron and show identical affinities toward human lysozyme and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, but differ in their susceptibilities toward tryptic proteolysis. Biochem J312:107-114.
302.
Varki A. (1993). Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct. Glycobiology3:97-130.
303.
Velasco A., Hendricks L., Moreman KW, Tulsiani DRP, Touster O., Farquhar MG (1993). Cell type-dependent variations in the subcellular distribution of a-mannosidase 1 and II. J Cell Biol122:39-51.
304.
Verostek MF, Atkinson PH, Trimble RB (1993). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in the alg3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant. II. Structure of novel Man6-10GlcNAc2 processing intermediates on secreted invertase. J Biol Chem268:12104-12115.
305.
Vigneswaran N., Peters KP, Hornstein OP, Diepgen TL (1990). Alteration of cell surface carbohydrates associated with ordered and disordered proliferation of oral epithelia: a lectin histochemical study in oral leukoplakias, papillomas and carcinomas. Cell Tissue Kinet23:41-55.
306.
von Lampe B., Stallmach A., Riecken EO (1993). Altered glycosylation of integrin adhesion molecules in colorectal cancer cells and decreased adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Gut34:829-836.
307.
Voss H., Benes V., Andrade MA, Valencia A., Rechmann S., Teodoru C., et al. (1997). DNA sequencing and analysis of 130 kb from yeast chromosome XV. Yeast13:655-672.
308.
Voynow JA, Kaiser RS, Scanlin TF, Glick MC (1991). Purification and characterization of GDP-L-fucose-N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminide alpha-1,6-fucosyltransferase from cultured human skin fibroblasts. Requirement of a specific biantennary oligosaccharide as a substrate. J Biol Chem266:21572-21577.
309.
Wang X., O'Hanlon TP, Young RF, Lau JT (1990). Rat beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase genomic organization: alternate promoters direct the synthesis of liver and kidney transcripts. Glycobiology1:25-31.
310.
Weinstein J., de Souza-e-Silva U., Paulson JC (1982). Purification of a Gal beta 1 to 4 GIcNAc alpha 2 to 6 sialyltransferase and a Gal beta I to 3(4) GIcNAc alpha 2 to 3 sialyltransferase to homogeneity from rat liver. J Biol Chem257:13835-13844.
311.
Wejde J., Carlberg M., Hjertman M., Larsson O. (1993). Isoprenoid regulation of cell growth: identification of mevalonate-labelled compounds inducing DNA synthesis in human breast cancer cells depleted of serum and mevalonate. J Cell Physiol155:539-548.
312.
Weng S., Spiro RG (1993). Demonstration that a kifunensine-resistant a-mannosidase with a unique processing action on N-linked oligosaccharides occurs in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and various cultured cells. J Biol Chem268:25656-25663.
313.
Weng S., Spiro RG (1996). Endoplasmic reticulum kifunensine-resistant alpha-mannosidase is enzymatically and immunologically related to the cytosolic alpha-mannosidase. Arch Biochem Biophys325:113-123.
314.
West CM, Scott-Ward T., Teng-umnuay P., van der Wel H., Kozarov E., Huynh A. (1996). Purification and characterization of an alpha-1,2-L-fucosyltransferase which modifies the cytosolic protein FP21 from the cytosol of Dictyostelium. J Biol Chem271:12024-12035.
315.
Weston BW, Nair RP, Larsen RD, Lowe JB ( 1992a). Isolation of a novel human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase gene and molecular comparison to the human Lewis blood group alpha-1,3(4)-fucosyltransferase gene. Syntenic, homologous, nonallelic genes encoding enzymes with distinct acceptor substrate specificities. J Biol Chem267:4152-4160.
316.
Weston BW, Smith PL, Kelly RJ, Lowe JB ( 1992b). Molecular cloning of a fourth member of a human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase gene family. Multiple homologous sequences that determine expression of the Lewis x, sialyl Lewis x and difucosyl sialyl Lewis x epitopes. J Biol Chem267:24575-24585.
317.
Wilkerson LS, Touster O. (1993). Biosynthetic and structural studies on Thy-1 in a rat neuronal tumor cell line. Arch Biochem Biophys303:238-245.
318.
Yang J., Bhaumik M., Liu Y., Stanley P. (1994). Regulation of N-linked glycosylation. Neuronal cell-specific expression of a 5' extended transcript from the gene encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Glycobiology4:703-712.
319.
Yip B., Chen SH, Mulder H., Hoppener JW, Schachter H. (1997). Organization of the human beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I gene (MGATI), which controls complex and hybrid N-glycan synthesis. Biochem J321:465-474.
320.
Yip CL, Welch KS, Klebl F., Gilbert T., Seidel P., Grant FJ, et al. (1994). Cloning and analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN9 and MNN1 genes required for complex glycosylation of secreted proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA91:2723-2727.
321.
Yoshida S., Ohya Y., Nakano A., Anraku Y. (1995). STT3, a novel essential gene related to the PKC1/STT1 protein kinase pathway, is involved in protein glycosylation in yeast. Gene164:167-172.
322.
Yoshida Y., Kojima N., Kurosawa N., Hamamoto T., Tsuji S. (1995a). Molecular cloning of Sia alpha-2,3-Gal beta-1,4-GIcNAc alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase from mouse brain. J Biol Chem270:14628-14633.
323.
Yoshida Y., Kojima N., Tsuji S. (1995b). Molecular cloning and characterization of a third type of N-glycan alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase from mouse lung. J Biochem118:658-664.
324.
Yoshida Y., Kurosawa N., Kanematsu T., Taguchi A., Arita M., Kojima N., et al. (1996). Unique genomic structure and expression of the mouse alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia III) gene. Glycobiology6:573-580.
325.
Yoshimura M., Ihara Y., Matsuzuwa Y., Taniguchi N. (1996). Aberrant glycosylation of E-cadherin enhances cell-cell binding to suppress metastasis. J Biol Chem271:13811-13815.
326.
Youakim A., Hathaway HJ Miller DJ, Gong X., Shur BD ( 1994). Overexpressing sperm surface β-1,4-galactosyltransferase in transgenic mice affects multiple aspects of sperm-egg interactions. J Cell Biol126:1573-1583.
327.
Zeigler FD, Trimble RB (1991). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast, purification and characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum Man9 processing a-mannosidase. Glycobiology1:605-614.
328.
Zeigler FD, Maley F., Trimble RB (1988). Characterization of the glycosylation sites in yeast external invertase. II. Location of the endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-resistant sequons. J Biol Chem263:6986-6996.
329.
Zhu XY, Lehrman MA (1990). Cloning, sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding hamster UDP-GIcNAc:dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase. J Biol Chem265:14250-14255.
330.
Zou J., Scocca JR, Krag SS ( 1995). Asparagine-linked glycosylation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe conservation of the first step in oligosaccharide-lipid assembly. Arch Biochem Biophys317:487-496.
331.
Zufferey R., Knauer R., Burda P., Stagljar I., te Heesen S., Lehle L., et al. (1995). STT3, a highly conserved protein required for yeast oligosaccharyltransferase activity in vivo. EMBO J14:4949-4960.
