Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Vulnerability of embedded fiber optic sensors such as Bragg grating sensors to impact has been studied in composite laminated plates. The effects of the distance from the supporting boundary and the sensor thickness position were determined. The main objective was to develop an accurate numerical procedure to calculate the local stresses at the sensor from impact in order to determine the criticality with respect to damage initiation. A semi-analytical and a finite element based method were used to consider the contact at impact. From the analysis, it was found that a lower impact energy was required to cause damage in the sensor region when the sensor was embedded close to the boundary. At locations far from boundaries, sensors should not be embedded close to the plate surfaces. For sensors embedded close to a boundary, a thickness position close to the upper surface was found to be less suitable than other positions.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Andersson, B. and Falk, U. , 1986, "Finite element analysis of three-dimensional structures using adaptive p-extensions," The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, FFA TN 1986-57, Bromma, Sweden.

Colombet, D. , 1997, "Experimental evaluation of the vulnerabilty of embedded Bragg grating sensors to low energy impacts," The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, FEAP H1313, Bromma, Sweden.

Dahlquist, G. , Bjork, A. and Anderson N. , 1974, "Numerical methods," Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

Hashin, Z. , 1980, "Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites," J. of Applied Mechanics, 47, pp. 329-334.

LeBlanc, M. and Measures, R. M. , 1992, "Impact damage assessment in composite materials with embedded fibre-optic sensors," Composites Engineering, 2, pp. 573-596.

Levin, K. and Jarlis, R. , 1997, "Vulnerability of embedded EFPI-sensors to low-energy impacts," Smart Material and Structures, 6, pp. 369-382.

Levin, K. and Nilsson, S. , 1994, "Analysis of the local stress field in a composite material with an embedded extrinsic Fabry-P6rot interferometer sensor," Second European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, A. McDonach , P. T. Gardiner , R. S. McEwen , B. Culshaw , Editors, Proc SPIE 2361, Glasgow, Scotland, 12-14 October 1994, pp. 379-382.

Levin, K. and Nilsson, S. , 1996, "Examination of reliability of fibre optic sensors embedded in carbon/epoxy composites," Third International Conference on Intelligent Materials, ICIM-3, Lyon, France, June, pp. 222-229.

Matrat, J. , Levin, K. and Jarlas, R. , 1999a, "Mechanical and optical behaviour of embedded Bragg grating sensors," The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, FFA TN 1999-15, Bromma, Sweden.

10.

Matrat, J. , Levin, K. and Jarlas, R. , 1999b, "The effect of debonding on strain measurements with embedded Bragg grating sensors," The second Int. Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, 8-10 September 1999, Stanford Unv., Stanford, CA.

11.

Olsson, R. , 1993, "Impact response of composite laminates-a guide to closed form solutions," The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, FFA TN 1992-33, Bromma, Sweden.

12.

Sirkis, J. S. , Chang, C. C. and Smith, B. T. , 1994, "Low velocity impact of optical fiber embedded laminated graphite/epoxy plates. Part I: Macro-scale," J. of Composite Materials, 28, pp. 1347-1369.

13.

Sirkis, J. S. and Haslach Jr, H. W. , 1991, "Complete phase-strain model for structurally embedded optical fiber sensors," J. of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, 2, pp. 3-24.

14.

Szabo, B. and Babuska, I. , 1991, "Finite element analysis," John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY

15.

Timoshenko, S. , 1934, "Theory of elasticity," McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, NY.

16.

Udd, E. , Ed., 1995, "Fiber optic smart structures," John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY.

Location of Embedded Fiber Optic Sensors for Minimized Impact Vulnerability

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References