Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Smart materials are complex materials that contain both active and passive components. The system performance depends not only on active component performance capabilities but the synergistic response of the smart material and companion structure. Behavior is a result of interaction between diverse subsystems including, but not limited to, sensors, actuators, drive amplifiers and connecting digital electronics. An integrated model is developed which incorporates structural characteristics of a smart material and companion structure with a dynamic model of the amplifier used to power the smart material. Actuators are modeled using nonlinear constitutive laws and integrated with the dynamic model of the amplifier. The actuators have a significant structural influence on the smart material response. This interaction is obtained through a detailed finite element model used to determine the structural response of the smart material. Calculated displacements are compared for the dynamic model and the static finite element response model. The two analysis methodologies are used in conjunction to obtain a better understanding of the smart material performance.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. Kim, J. , V. V. Varadan and J. K. Varadan , "Finite Element Modeling of Structures Including Piezoelectric Active Devices," Int J Num Meth. Eng, Vol. 40, 817-832 (1997).

2. Freed, B. D. and V. Babuska , "Finite Element Modeling of Composite Piezoelectric Structures with MSC/NASTRAN," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, Vol. 3041, 676-688 (1997).

3. Seeman, W. , A. Straub , F. K. Chang , K. Wolf and P. Hagerdorn , "Bending Stresses between Piezoelectric Actuators and Elastic Beams," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, Vol. 3041, 665-675 (1997).

4. Lim, Y. H. , V. V. Varadan and V. K. Varadan , "Closed Loop Finite Element Modeling of Active Structural Damping in the Frequency Domain," Smart Mater Struct, Vol. 6, 161-168 (1997).

5. Liang, C. , F. Sun and C. A. Rogers , "Electro-Mechanical Impedance Modeling of Active Material Systems," Smart Mater Struct, Vol. 5, 171-186 (1996).

6. Zvonar, G. A. and D. K. Lindner , "Power Flow Analysis of Electrostrictive Actuators Driven by a Switchmode Amplifiers," submitted to J IInt Mater Sys Struct, special issue on 3rd Annual ARO Workshop on Smart Materials.

7. DeGiorgi, V. G. and P. Matic , "Material Variability and Performance Predictions on an Active Composite Plate," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials, Vol. 2721, 222-232 (1996).

8. Hom, C. , S. M. Pilgrim , N. Shankar , K. Bridger , M. Massuda and S. Winzer , "Calculation of Quasi-Static Electromechanical Coupling Coefficients for Electrostrictive Ceramic Materials," IEEE Trans on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 41, 542-551 (1994).

9. Zvonar, G. A. , J. Luan , F. C. Lee , D. K. Lindner , S. Kelly , D. Sable and T. Schelling , "High-Frequency Switching Amplifiers for Electrostrictive Actuators," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials, Vol. 2721, 465-475 (1996).

10.

10. Zvonar, G. A. and D. K. Lindner , "Power Flow Analysis of Electrostrictive Actuators Driven by a PWM Amplifier Predictions," Adaptive Structures and Materials System, ASME AD-Vol 54, 155-162 (1997).

11.

11. Lindner, D. K. , V. G. DeGiorgi and S. McDermott , "Integrated Electronics/Materials/Structural Modeling of a Smart Material," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials, Vol. 3041, 10-20 (1997).

12.

12. Materials Engineering, Selector Issue, Dec. 10-27 (1990).

13.

13. Smart Materials and Structures (SMS) Project Report, Martin Marietta, Estimated Material Properties, June 5 (1993).

14.

14. Agarwal, B. D. and L. J. Brontman, Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites Appendix A-Stress-Strain Curves 349 (1980).

15.

15. Hom, C. L., Lockheed Martin MS-ATC to V. G. DeGiorgi, Naval Research Laboratory, E-mail, CSM actuator material properties, NRL, June 20 (1996).

16.

16. DeGiorgi, V. G. , "Integrated Smart Panel and Support Structure Response," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials, SPIE Vol. 3326, 420-427 (1998).

17.

17. DeGiorgi, V. G. , P. Matic and G. C. Kirby , "Recent Studies on Integrated Smart Materials," Proc. SPIE, Smart Structures and Materials, Vol. 2447, 206-217 (1995).

18.

18. Lindner, D. K. , "An Integrated Model of PWM Switching Amplifier and Electrostrictor Actuator," Composite Smart Material Program Progress Report, VPI, Blacksburg, VA, April 12 (1996).

19.

19. ABAQUS Version 5.4 User's Guide, Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorensen, Providence, RI (1994).

20.

20. DeGiorgi, V. G. , "Host-Active Component Interactions and Performance Predictions," Adaptive Structures and Materials System, ASME, AD-Vol. 54, 147-154 (1997).

Combining Modeling Methodologies for Improved Understanding of Smart Material Characteristics

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References